Indigenous Societies before European Contact: Choose the description that best explains the diversity of Indigenous cultural regions, governance systems, economies, and environmental adaptations before sustained European contact. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.9 - Indigenous Societies before European Contact: Choose the description that best explains the diversity of Indigenous cultural regions, governance systems, economies, and environmental adaptations before sustained European contact. (C3 D2.His.1-3.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.2-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 1; NAEP Theme 2; NY 11.1; MA U.S. History I.)

Native Trade Networks and Interregional Exchange: Identify the map, artifact, or scenario that best demonstrates how Indigenous trade networks, diplomacy, migration, and geography shaped North American societies. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.10 - Native Trade Networks and Interregional Exchange: Identify the map, artifact, or scenario that best demonstrates how Indigenous trade networks, diplomacy, migration, and geography shaped North American societies. Standards references: C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.1-3.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 1; NAEP Themes 2-3; NY 11.1.

European Exploration and the Columbian Exchange: Determine the most accurate cause-and-effect relationship linking European exploration, the Columbian Exchange, disease, forced labor, conquest, environmental change, and Atlantic commerce. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.11 - European Exploration and the Columbian Exchange: Determine the most accurate cause-and-effect relationship linking European exploration, the Columbian Exchange, disease, forced labor, conquest, environmental change, and Atlantic commerce. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 1; NAEP Themes 2-4; NY 11.1; MA U.S. History I.)

Spanish, French, Dutch, and English Colonial Systems: Select the comparison that best distinguishes imperial goals, settlement patterns, labor arrangements, religion, trade, and relations with Indigenous peoples across European empires. Aligned to C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.9; APUSH Periods 1-2; NAEP Themes 2-4; NY 11.1; CA HSS 11.1 foundation review. 11.12 - Spanish, French, Dutch, and English Colonial Systems: Select the comparison that best distinguishes imperial goals, settlement patterns, labor arrangements, religion, trade, and relations with Indigenous peoples across European empires.

Colonial Regions and Regional Economies: Choose the region, map pattern, or economic explanation that best matches New England, Middle, Southern, Caribbean, Spanish borderland, or French colonial development. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.13 - Colonial Regions and Regional Economies: Choose the region, map pattern, or economic explanation that best matches New England, Middle, Southern, Caribbean, Spanish borderland, or French colonial development. (C3 D2.Geo.1-7.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.3-7.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Themes 2-3; NY 11.1; MA U.S. History I.)

Labor Systems, Slavery, and Racial Hierarchy: Identify the option that best explains the development of indentured servitude, chattel slavery, plantation economies, slave codes, and racialized social systems in colonial America. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.14 - Labor Systems, Slavery, and Racial Hierarchy: Identify the option that best explains the development of indentured servitude, chattel slavery, plantation economies, slave codes, and racialized social systems in colonial America. Standards references: C3 D2.His.4-6,14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.1-3.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Themes 2-3; NY 11.1.

Colonial Self-Government and Rights Traditions: Select the document, institution, or scenario that best illustrates colonial self-government, English legal traditions, representative assemblies, town meetings, religious liberty debates, or civic participation. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.15 - Colonial Self-Government and Rights Traditions: Select the document, institution, or scenario that best illustrates colonial self-government, English legal traditions, representative assemblies, town meetings, religious liberty debates, or civic participation. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.5; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.1.

Religion, Culture, and the Great Awakening: Choose the interpretation that best connects religious diversity, the First Great Awakening, education, print culture, gender roles, and regional identities in colonial society. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.16 - Religion, Culture, and the Great Awakening: Choose the interpretation that best connects religious diversity, the First Great Awakening, education, print culture, gender roles, and regional identities in colonial society. Standards references: C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Theme 2; NY 11.1; MA U.S. History I.

Imperial Competition and Indigenous Diplomacy: Determine which alliance, conflict, treaty, or geographic factor best explains changing power relationships among Indigenous nations, European empires, and colonial settlers. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.17 - Imperial Competition and Indigenous Diplomacy: Determine which alliance, conflict, treaty, or geographic factor best explains changing power relationships among Indigenous nations, European empires, and colonial settlers. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.5-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Themes 2-4; NY 11.1.)

Atlantic World, Mercantilism, and Resistance: Select the evidence that best explains how mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, smuggling, consumer protest, and Atlantic trade shaped colonial tensions before 1754. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.18 - Atlantic World, Mercantilism, and Resistance: Select the evidence that best explains how mercantilism, the Navigation Acts, smuggling, consumer protest, and Atlantic trade shaped colonial tensions before 1754. (C3 D2.Eco.3-9.9-12; C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 2; NAEP Themes 1,3,4; NY 11.1.)

French and Indian War and Imperial Crisis: Choose the cause-and-effect explanation that best connects the French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, taxation, imperial reform, and colonial resistance. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.19 - French and Indian War and Imperial Crisis: Choose the cause-and-effect explanation that best connects the French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, taxation, imperial reform, and colonial resistance. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Themes 1,4; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2; MA U.S. History I.)

Revolutionary Ideology and the Declaration of Independence: Identify the excerpt, principle, grievance, or Enlightenment idea that best explains the ideological origins and arguments of the Declaration of Independence. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.20 - Revolutionary Ideology and the Declaration of Independence: Identify the excerpt, principle, grievance, or Enlightenment idea that best explains the ideological origins and arguments of the Declaration of Independence. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.3-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.5; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2.

Revolutionary War Strategy, Alliances, and Outcomes: Select the battle, turning point, alliance, military strategy, or diplomatic result that best explains how the United States won independence and how the war changed society. Aligned to Broad national alignment and selected state frameworks: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.21 - Revolutionary War Strategy, Alliances, and Outcomes: Select the battle, turning point, alliance, military strategy, or diplomatic result that best explains how the United States won independence and how the war changed society. Standards references: C3 D2.His.1-3,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Themes 1,4; NY 11.2; MA U.S. History I.

Revolutionary Era Society and Unfinished Ideals: Choose the interpretation that best evaluates how revolutionary ideas affected women, enslaved people, free Black communities, Indigenous nations, Loyalists, and religious minorities. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.22 - Revolutionary Era Society and Unfinished Ideals: Choose the interpretation that best evaluates how revolutionary ideas affected women, enslaved people, free Black communities, Indigenous nations, Loyalists, and religious minorities. Standards references: C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2.

Articles of Confederation and Confederation Challenges: Determine which weakness, strength, ordinance, crisis, or economic problem best explains the achievements and limits of the Articles of Confederation. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.23 - Articles of Confederation and Confederation Challenges: Determine which weakness, strength, ordinance, crisis, or economic problem best explains the achievements and limits of the Articles of Confederation. (C3 D2.Civ.1-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2-3; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2.)

Constitutional Convention and Compromises: Select the compromise, structural feature, or debate that best explains the Constitution's response to representation, federalism, slavery, executive power, and separation of powers. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.24 - Constitutional Convention and Compromises: Select the compromise, structural feature, or debate that best explains the Constitution's response to representation, federalism, slavery, executive power, and separation of powers. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.3-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.5, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2.

Ratification, Federalists, Anti-Federalists, and the Bill of Rights: Identify the argument, amendment, or constitutional principle that best represents Federalist and Anti-Federalist debates and the protection of individual liberties. Aligned to FreeK12Practice Grade 11 U.S. History Multiple-Choice-Ready Curriculum with C3 Framework, CCSS RH.11-12, APUSH Period 3, NAEP Theme 1, CA HSS 11.1, and NY 11.2 alignment. 11.25 - Ratification, Federalists, Anti-Federalists, and the Bill of Rights: Identify the argument, amendment, or constitutional principle that best represents Federalist and Anti-Federalist debates and the protection of individual liberties. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.4-8,12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.2.

Washington, Hamiltonian Finance, and Political Parties: Choose the explanation that best connects economic policy, foreign policy, constitutional interpretation, regional interests, and the rise of the first party system. Aligned to Broad national alignment and selected state frameworks: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies for grades 11-12; AP U.S. History periods and skills; NAEP U.S. History Framework; selected California, New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Texas frameworks where applicable. 11.26 - Washington, Hamiltonian Finance, and Political Parties: Choose the explanation that best connects economic policy, foreign policy, constitutional interpretation, regional interests, and the rise of the first party system. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-5.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.6-9.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Themes 1,3,4; NY 11.2.

Early Republic Foreign Policy: Select the policy, treaty, crisis, or precedent that best explains U.S. neutrality, relations with Europe, conflicts with Indigenous nations, and early debates over national security. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.27 - Early Republic Foreign Policy: Select the policy, treaty, crisis, or precedent that best explains U.S. neutrality, relations with Europe, conflicts with Indigenous nations, and early debates over national security. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2-3; APUSH Period 3; NAEP Theme 4; NY 11.2.)

Jeffersonian Democracy and Republican Government: Determine which policy or event best illustrates Jeffersonian ideas about agrarian republicanism, federal power, political opposition, or democratic participation. Aligned to Broad national alignment and selected state frameworks: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies for grades 11-12; AP U.S. History periods and skills; NAEP U.S. History Framework; selected California, New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Texas frameworks where applicable. 11.28 - Jeffersonian Democracy and Republican Government: Determine which policy or event best illustrates Jeffersonian ideas about agrarian republicanism, federal power, political opposition, or democratic participation. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.3.

Supreme Court, Judicial Review, and Federal Power: Choose the case outcome or constitutional principle that best explains Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and the expanding role of the federal judiciary. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.29 - Supreme Court, Judicial Review, and Federal Power: Choose the case outcome or constitutional principle that best explains Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and the expanding role of the federal judiciary. (C3 D2.Civ.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.5; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.3.)

War of 1812, Nationalism, and the Monroe Doctrine: Identify the cause, consequence, or policy statement that best explains the War of 1812, nationalism, sectional tensions, market growth, or the Monroe Doctrine. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.30 - War of 1812, Nationalism, and the Monroe Doctrine: Identify the cause, consequence, or policy statement that best explains the War of 1812, nationalism, sectional tensions, market growth, or the Monroe Doctrine. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Themes 1,3,4; NY 11.3.)

Market Revolution and Transportation: Choose the development that best explains how canals, roads, steamboats, railroads, the cotton gin, telegraph, banking, and market growth changed regional economies and daily life. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.31 - Market Revolution and Transportation: Choose the development that best explains how canals, roads, steamboats, railroads, the cotton gin, telegraph, banking, and market growth changed regional economies and daily life. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.3-7.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Theme 3; NY 11.3; MA U.S. History I.

Jacksonian Democracy and Political Participation: Select the scenario that best illustrates expanded white male suffrage, party organization, populist appeals, patronage, or democratic limits in the Jacksonian era. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.32 - Jacksonian Democracy and Political Participation: Select the scenario that best illustrates expanded white male suffrage, party organization, populist appeals, patronage, or democratic limits in the Jacksonian era. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Theme 1; NY 11.3.

Indian Removal, Sovereignty, and the Trail of Tears: Determine which policy, court case, map, or source best explains Indian Removal, Worcester v. Georgia, Cherokee sovereignty, forced migration, and their consequences. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.33 - Indian Removal, Sovereignty, and the Trail of Tears: Determine which policy, court case, map, or source best explains Indian Removal, Worcester v. Georgia, Cherokee sovereignty, forced migration, and their consequences. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.3-14.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.5-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Themes 1-2; NY 11.3; MA U.S. History I.

Reform Movements and the Second Great Awakening: Choose the claim that best connects religion, moral reform, temperance, education, prison reform, disability and mental health reform, abolition, and women's rights. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.34 - Reform Movements and the Second Great Awakening: Choose the claim that best connects religion, moral reform, temperance, education, prison reform, disability and mental health reform, abolition, and women's rights. (C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Themes 1-2; NY 11.3.)

Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition: Select the evidence that best explains slavery's expansion, plantation labor, family and community formation, resistance, abolitionist arguments, and proslavery defenses. (C3 D2.His.4-6,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Periods 4-5; NAEP Themes 1-3; NY 11.3-11.4.) Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.35 - Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition: Select the evidence that best explains slavery's expansion, plantation labor, family and community formation, resistance, abolitionist arguments, and proslavery defenses. (C3 D2.His.4-6,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Periods 4-5; NAEP Themes 1-3; NY 11.3-11.4.)

Women's Rights and Antebellum Feminism: Identify the event, document, reformer, or argument that best explains the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration of Sentiments, and connections between abolition and women's rights. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.36 - Women's Rights and Antebellum Feminism: Identify the event, document, reformer, or argument that best explains the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration of Sentiments, and connections between abolition and women's rights. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.5-6; APUSH Period 4; NAEP Themes 1-2; NY 11.3; MA U.S. History I.

Manifest Destiny and Territorial Expansion: Choose the map-based or evidence-based explanation that best connects westward expansion, ideology, diplomacy, war, migration, and conflict with Indigenous nations and Mexico. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; NY 11.3. 11.37 - Manifest Destiny and Territorial Expansion: Choose the map-based or evidence-based explanation that best connects westward expansion, ideology, diplomacy, war, migration, and conflict with Indigenous nations and Mexico. Standards references: C3 D2.Geo.1-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Periods 4-5; NAEP Themes 2,4; NY 11.3.

U.S.-Mexican War and Expansion of Slavery Debate: Determine which cause, consequence, treaty provision, or political debate best explains the U.S.-Mexican War and its role in intensifying sectional conflict. Aligned to C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Themes 1,4; NY 11.3-11.4.

Sectional Compromises and Political Breakdown: Select the provision or effect that best explains the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Act, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, or party realignment. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; NY 11.4. 11.39 - Sectional Compromises and Political Breakdown: Select the provision or effect that best explains the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Act, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, or party realignment. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.1-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Theme 1; NY 11.4.

Dred Scott, Lincoln-Douglas, and Secession: Choose the constitutional issue, political argument, or electoral development that best explains Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, the election of 1860, or secession. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.40 - Dred Scott, Lincoln-Douglas, and Secession: Choose the constitutional issue, political argument, or electoral development that best explains Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, the election of 1860, or secession. (C3 D2.Civ.3-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1/11.10; NY 11.4.).

Civil War Causes, Strategies, and Turning Points: Identify the cause, military strategy, battlefield turning point, or leadership decision that best explains the course of the Civil War and Union victory. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.41 - Civil War Causes, Strategies, and Turning Points: Identify the cause, military strategy, battlefield turning point, or leadership decision that best explains the course of the Civil War and Union victory. Standards references: C3 D2.His.1-3,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Themes 1,4; CA HSS 11.1; NY 11.4; FL SS.912.A.2.

Emancipation, African American Service, and War Aims: Select the source-based interpretation that best explains the Emancipation Proclamation, Black military service, freedom-seeking actions, and changing meanings of the war. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; NY 11.4; FL SS.912.A.2. 11.42 - Emancipation, African American Service, and War Aims: Select the source-based interpretation that best explains the Emancipation Proclamation, Black military service, freedom-seeking actions, and changing meanings of the war. Standards references: C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Themes 1-2; NY 11.4; FL SS.912.A.2.

Reconstruction Amendments and Federal Policy: Choose the amendment, federal law, plan, or court case that best explains Reconstruction goals, citizenship, equal protection, voting rights, and federal enforcement. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.43 - Reconstruction Amendments and Federal Policy: Choose the amendment, federal law, plan, or court case that best explains Reconstruction goals, citizenship, equal protection, voting rights, and federal enforcement. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.3-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.5; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.1/11.10; NY 11.4; FL SS.912.A.2.

Reconstruction Society, Resistance, and Legacy: Determine which evidence best explains freedpeople's communities, Black political participation, sharecropping, white supremacist violence, Reconstruction's retreat, and long-term consequences. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.44 - Reconstruction Society, Resistance, and Legacy: Determine which evidence best explains freedpeople's communities, Black political participation, sharecropping, white supremacist violence, Reconstruction's retreat, and long-term consequences. Standards references: C3 D2.His.4-6,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 5; NAEP Themes 1-3; NY 11.4-11.5; FL SS.912.A.2.

Second Industrial Revolution and Big Business: Choose the development that best explains how railroads, steel, oil, electricity, corporations, trusts, entrepreneurship, and government policies transformed the U.S. economy. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.45 - Second Industrial Revolution and Big Business: Choose the development that best explains how railroads, steel, oil, electricity, corporations, trusts, entrepreneurship, and government policies transformed the U.S. economy. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.3-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Theme 3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3; TEKS 113.41(c)(3).

Labor Movements and Industrial Conflict: Select the union, strike, law, or source interpretation that best explains workers' goals, employer responses, labor violence, collective bargaining, and changing ideas about work. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.46 - Labor Movements and Industrial Conflict: Select the union, strike, law, or source interpretation that best explains workers' goals, employer responses, labor violence, collective bargaining, and changing ideas about work. (C3 D2.Eco.6-9.9-12; C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.)

Farmers, Populism, and Monetary Debate: Identify the economic problem, platform demand, speech excerpt, or election result that best explains agrarian protest, the Populist movement, and debates over currency and credit. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.47 - Farmers, Populism, and Monetary Debate: Identify the economic problem, platform demand, speech excerpt, or election result that best explains agrarian protest, the Populist movement, and debates over currency and credit. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.1-9.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Themes 1,3; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3; TEKS 113.41(c)(3).

Urbanization, Immigration, and Nativism: Choose the map, graph, policy, or source that best explains migration patterns, immigrant communities, political machines, settlement houses, nativism, and urban reform. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.48 - Urbanization, Immigration, and Nativism: Choose the map, graph, policy, or source that best explains migration patterns, immigrant communities, political machines, settlement houses, nativism, and urban reform. Standards references: C3 D2.Geo.1-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Themes 2-3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.

The West, Federal Indian Policy, and Environmental Change: Determine which map, policy, conflict, or source best explains settlement of the West, the reservation system, allotment, mining, ranching, farming, and environmental consequences. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS RH.11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; CA HSS; NY SS; FL SS. 11.49 - The West, Federal Indian Policy, and Environmental Change: Determine which map, policy, conflict, or source best explains settlement of the West, the reservation system, allotment, mining, ranching, farming, and environmental consequences. (C3 D2.Geo.4-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Themes 2-3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.)

Gilded Age Politics and Reform: Select the example that best illustrates patronage, political machines, civil service reform, corruption debates, tariff issues, or limits on government regulation in the late nineteenth century. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.50 - Gilded Age Politics and Reform: Select the example that best illustrates patronage, political machines, civil service reform, corruption debates, tariff issues, or limits on government regulation in the late nineteenth century. (C3 D2.Civ.1-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Theme 1; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3; TEKS 113.41(c)(3).)

Jim Crow, Segregation, and Black Responses: Identify the court case, law, act of resistance, leader, or source that best explains segregation, disfranchisement, racial violence, community building, and Black political strategies. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.51 - Jim Crow, Segregation, and Black Responses: Identify the court case, law, act of resistance, leader, or source that best explains segregation, disfranchisement, racial violence, community building, and Black political strategies. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 6; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.2-A.3.

Progressive Era Reform: Choose the reform, muckraking source, legislation, amendment, or political strategy that best explains Progressive responses to industrialization, urban problems, corruption, and inequality. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.52 - Progressive Era Reform: Choose the reform, muckraking source, legislation, amendment, or political strategy that best explains Progressive responses to industrialization, urban problems, corruption, and inequality. (C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.6-9.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.)

Women's Suffrage and Social Movements: Determine which organization, amendment, argument, tactic, or opposition claim best explains the women's suffrage movement and related Progressive Era social movements. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.53 - Women's Suffrage and Social Movements: Determine which organization, amendment, argument, tactic, or opposition claim best explains the women's suffrage movement and related Progressive Era social movements. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.5; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.

Conservation, Public Health, and Consumer Protection: Select the policy or evidence that best explains conservation, preservation, public health, food and drug regulation, workplace safety, and the changing role of expertise in government. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.54 - Conservation, Public Health, and Consumer Protection: Select the policy or evidence that best explains conservation, preservation, public health, food and drug regulation, workplace safety, and the changing role of expertise in government. (C3 D2.Geo.4-12.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.13-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.2; NY 11.5; FL SS.912.A.3.)

U.S. Imperialism and the Spanish-American War: Choose the strategic, economic, ideological, humanitarian, or media-related factor that best explains U.S. expansionism, the Spanish-American War, and debates over empire. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.55 - U.S. Imperialism and the Spanish-American War: Choose the strategic, economic, ideological, humanitarian, or media-related factor that best explains U.S. expansionism, the Spanish-American War, and debates over empire. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.4; NY 11.6; FL SS.912.A.4; TEKS 113.41(c)(4).

America in the World: Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean: Identify the foreign policy principle, map pattern, treaty, intervention, or debate that best explains U.S. influence in Hawaii, the Philippines, China, Panama, Mexico, or the Caribbean. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.56 - America in the World: Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean: Identify the foreign policy principle, map pattern, treaty, intervention, or debate that best explains U.S. influence in Hawaii, the Philippines, China, Panama, Mexico, or the Caribbean. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.4; NY 11.6; FL SS.912.A.4.

World War I Causes, U.S. Entry, and War Aims: Determine which cause, event, policy, or source best explains neutrality, submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, Wilson's war message, or the Fourteen Points. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.57 - World War I Causes, U.S. Entry, and War Aims: Determine which cause, event, policy, or source best explains neutrality, submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, Wilson's war message, or the Fourteen Points. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.4; NY 11.6; FL SS.912.A.4.)

World War I Home Front, Civil Liberties, and Great Migration: Select the evidence that best explains mobilization, propaganda, wartime dissent, Schenck v. United States, the Great Migration, racial tensions, or postwar disillusionment. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.58 - World War I Home Front, Civil Liberties, and Great Migration: Select the evidence that best explains mobilization, propaganda, wartime dissent, Schenck v. United States, the Great Migration, racial tensions, or postwar disillusionment. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-14.9-12; C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1-3; CA HSS 11.4; NY 11.6; FL SS.912.A.4.

The 1920s Economy and Consumer Culture: Choose the chart, policy, or cultural evidence that best explains consumer credit, advertising, automobiles, mass production, business policy, income inequality, and economic vulnerability. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.59 - The 1920s Economy and Consumer Culture: Choose the chart, policy, or cultural evidence that best explains consumer credit, advertising, automobiles, mass production, business policy, income inequality, and economic vulnerability. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.1-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 3; CA HSS 11.5; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5; TEKS 113.41(c)(16).

Modernism, Harlem Renaissance, and Cultural Conflict: Select the source, artist, writer, movement, or conflict that best explains the Harlem Renaissance, jazz culture, modernism, religious fundamentalism, youth culture, or generational change. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.60 - Modernism, Harlem Renaissance, and Cultural Conflict: Select the source, artist, writer, movement, or conflict that best explains the Harlem Renaissance, jazz culture, modernism, religious fundamentalism, youth culture, or generational change. Standards references: C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 2; CA HSS 11.5; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5.

Nativism, Immigration Restriction, and Prohibition: Identify the law, court case, social conflict, or demographic pattern that best explains immigration quotas, the revived Ku Klux Klan, Prohibition, organized crime, or tensions over national identity. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.61 - Nativism, Immigration Restriction, and Prohibition: Identify the law, court case, social conflict, or demographic pattern that best explains immigration quotas, the revived Ku Klux Klan, Prohibition, organized crime, or tensions over national identity. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1-2; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5.

Causes and Global Effects of the Great Depression: Determine which economic indicator, policy, international factor, or sequence best explains the causes, spread, and human impact of the Great Depression. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.62 - Causes and Global Effects of the Great Depression: Determine which economic indicator, policy, international factor, or sequence best explains the causes, spread, and human impact of the Great Depression. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 3; CA HSS 11.6; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5.

New Deal Relief, Recovery, and Reform: Choose the New Deal agency, law, program, or policy goal that best addresses a stated economic or social problem during the Great Depression. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.63 - New Deal Relief, Recovery, and Reform: Choose the New Deal agency, law, program, or policy goal that best addresses a stated economic or social problem during the Great Depression. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.13-14.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.6; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5; TEKS 113.41(c)(16).

New Deal Critics, Court Debates, and Political Realignment: Select the criticism, court issue, coalition shift, or evidence that best explains debates over the New Deal and the changing relationship between citizens and the federal government. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.64 - New Deal Critics, Court Debates, and Political Realignment: Select the criticism, court issue, coalition shift, or evidence that best explains debates over the New Deal and the changing relationship between citizens and the federal government. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.6; NY 11.7; FL SS.912.A.5.

Interwar Foreign Policy and Road to World War II: Identify the policy, event, alliance, or source that best explains isolationism, neutrality, fascism, appeasement, lend-lease, Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. decision to enter World War II. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.65 - Interwar Foreign Policy and Road to World War II: Identify the policy, event, alliance, or source that best explains isolationism, neutrality, fascism, appeasement, lend-lease, Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. decision to enter World War II. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.

World War II Military Strategy and Turning Points: Choose the military strategy, battle, theater, alliance decision, or map-based conclusion that best explains the course and outcome of World War II in Europe and the Pacific. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.66 - World War II Military Strategy and Turning Points: Choose the military strategy, battle, theater, alliance decision, or map-based conclusion that best explains the course and outcome of World War II in Europe and the Pacific. (C3 D2.His.1-3,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6; TEKS 113.41(c)(7).)

World War II Home Front and Mobilization: Select the evidence that best explains wartime production, rationing, propaganda, labor shortages, women workers, scientific innovation, and demographic change during World War II. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.67 - World War II Home Front and Mobilization: Select the evidence that best explains wartime production, rationing, propaganda, labor shortages, women workers, scientific innovation, and demographic change during World War II. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.3-10.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 2-3; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.

Civil Rights and Double V During World War II: Determine which source or development best explains African American, Native American, Mexican American, Asian American, and women's contributions, discrimination, and rights claims during the war. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.68 - Civil Rights and Double V During World War II: Determine which source or development best explains African American, Native American, Mexican American, Asian American, and women's contributions, discrimination, and rights claims during the war. (C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.)

Japanese American Incarceration and Civil Liberties: Choose the constitutional issue, executive action, court decision, or personal account that best explains Japanese American incarceration and civil liberties during wartime. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.69 - Japanese American Incarceration and Civil Liberties: Choose the constitutional issue, executive action, court decision, or personal account that best explains Japanese American incarceration and civil liberties during wartime. (C3 D2.Civ.3-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.)

The Holocaust, Human Rights, and Postwar Institutions: Identify the evidence or postwar action that best explains U.S. responses to the Holocaust, the Nuremberg trials, the United Nations, and the emergence of modern human rights discourse. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.70 - The Holocaust, Human Rights, and Postwar Institutions: Identify the evidence or postwar action that best explains U.S. responses to the Holocaust, the Nuremberg trials, the United Nations, and the emergence of modern human rights discourse. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.

Atomic Bomb, War's End, and U.S. Global Power: Select the military, diplomatic, ethical, or strategic argument that best explains debates over the atomic bomb, Japan's surrender, and the postwar global position of the United States. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP Theme 4; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.71 - Atomic Bomb, War's End, and U.S. Global Power: Select the military, diplomatic, ethical, or strategic argument that best explains debates over the atomic bomb, Japan's surrender, and the postwar global position of the United States. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 7; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.7; NY 11.8; FL SS.912.A.6.

From World War II to Cold War Foundations: Determine which wartime alliance decision, ideological difference, geographic division, or postwar policy best explains the transition from World War II cooperation to Cold War rivalry. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.72 - From World War II to Cold War Foundations: Determine which wartime alliance decision, ideological difference, geographic division, or postwar policy best explains the transition from World War II cooperation to Cold War rivalry. (C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Periods 7-8; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.6-A.7.)

Origins of the Cold War and Containment: Choose the policy, map, speech excerpt, or event that best explains ideological conflict, containment, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Berlin crisis. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.73 - Origins of the Cold War and Containment: Choose the policy, map, speech excerpt, or event that best explains ideological conflict, containment, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Berlin crisis. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.6-A.7; TEKS 113.41(c)(8).

Cold War in Asia: China, Korea, and Vietnam: Identify the cause, policy choice, battlefield development, or consequence that best explains U.S. involvement in China, Korea, and Vietnam as part of containment. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.74 - Cold War in Asia: China, Korea, and Vietnam: Identify the cause, policy choice, battlefield development, or consequence that best explains U.S. involvement in China, Korea, and Vietnam as part of containment. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.6-A.7.

Nuclear Age, Space Race, and Cold War Diplomacy: Select the event, treaty, map, or technological development that best explains nuclear strategy, the arms race, Sputnik, the space race, the Cuban Missile Crisis, or detente. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.75 - Nuclear Age, Space Race, and Cold War Diplomacy: Select the event, treaty, map, or technological development that best explains nuclear strategy, the arms race, Sputnik, the space race, the Cuban Missile Crisis, or detente. Standards references: C3 D2.His.1-3,14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 3-4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.6-A.7.

Domestic Anticommunism and McCarthyism: Determine which source, claim, law, or investigation best explains loyalty programs, HUAC, McCarthyism, fear of subversion, and the effects of anticommunism on civil liberties. Aligned to Broad national alignment and selected state frameworks: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies grades 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected California, New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Texas frameworks where applicable. 11.76 - Domestic Anticommunism and McCarthyism: Determine which source, claim, law, or investigation best explains loyalty programs, HUAC, McCarthyism, fear of subversion, and the effects of anticommunism on civil liberties. (C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1,4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.6-A.7.)

Postwar Economy, Suburbs, and Consumer Society: Choose the chart, policy, or explanation that best connects the GI Bill, suburbanization, highways, baby boom, Sun Belt growth, consumer culture, and economic inequality. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.77 - Postwar Economy, Suburbs, and Consumer Society: Choose the chart, policy, or explanation that best connects the GI Bill, suburbanization, highways, baby boom, Sun Belt growth, consumer culture, and economic inequality. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.1-10.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 2-3; CA HSS 11.8; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.7.

Civil Rights Movement: Law, Protest, and Voting Rights: Select the court case, organization, tactic, law, or source interpretation that best explains school desegregation, direct action, federal intervention, and voting rights. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.78 - Civil Rights Movement: Law, Protest, and Voting Rights: Select the court case, organization, tactic, law, or source interpretation that best explains school desegregation, direct action, federal intervention, and voting rights. (C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10; NY 11.10; FL SS.912.A.7; TEKS 113.41(c)(9).)

Civil Rights Strategies, Leaders, and Local Movements: Identify the leader, local campaign, legal strategy, nonviolent action, Black Power argument, or grassroots organizing example that best explains movement diversity and change over time. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.79 - Civil Rights Strategies, Leaders, and Local Movements: Identify the leader, local campaign, legal strategy, nonviolent action, Black Power argument, or grassroots organizing example that best explains movement diversity and change over time. Standards references: C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.7-10.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10; NY 11.10; FL SS.912.A.7.

Latino, Native American, Asian American, and LGBTQ+ Rights Movements: Choose the organization, protest, policy, or source that best explains demands for equality, sovereignty, labor rights, representation, immigration reform, or recognition across postwar social movements. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.80 - Latino, Native American, Asian American, and LGBTQ+ Rights Movements: Choose the organization, protest, policy, or source that best explains demands for equality, sovereignty, labor rights, representation, immigration reform, or recognition across postwar social movements. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.4-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10-11.11; NY 11.10; FL SS.912.A.7.

Women's Rights and the Feminist Movement: Select the legislation, court case, organization, workplace issue, cultural argument, or policy debate that best explains second-wave feminism and changing gender roles. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.81 - Women's Rights and the Feminist Movement: Select the legislation, court case, organization, workplace issue, cultural argument, or policy debate that best explains second-wave feminism and changing gender roles. (C3 D2.Civ.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.6, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10-11.11; NY 11.10; FL SS.912.A.7.)

Great Society and the War on Poverty: Determine which program, law, Supreme Court decision, or policy goal best explains the Great Society, federal anti-poverty efforts, education reform, health care expansion, and liberal reform. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.82 - Great Society and the War on Poverty: Determine which program, law, Supreme Court decision, or policy goal best explains the Great Society, federal anti-poverty efforts, education reform, health care expansion, and liberal reform. (C3 D2.Civ.13-14.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.10; FL SS.912.A.7.)

Immigration and Demographic Change after 1965: Choose the demographic chart, law, migration pattern, or regional change that best explains the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and later changes in U.S. society. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.83 - Immigration and Demographic Change after 1965: Choose the demographic chart, law, migration pattern, or regional change that best explains the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and later changes in U.S. society. (C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Theme 2; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.10-11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.)

Vietnam War, Protest, and the Limits of Presidential Power: Identify the policy, event, protest, media evidence, or legislation that best explains escalation, antiwar activism, public opinion, the credibility gap, and the War Powers Act. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.84 - Vietnam War, Protest, and the Limits of Presidential Power: Identify the policy, event, protest, media evidence, or legislation that best explains escalation, antiwar activism, public opinion, the credibility gap, and the War Powers Act. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1,4; CA HSS 11.9; NY 11.9; FL SS.912.A.7.

Environmental Movement and Consumer Protection: Select the source, law, crisis, or data trend that best explains environmentalism, Earth Day, the EPA, clean air and water laws, consumer advocacy, and regulatory politics. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.85 - Environmental Movement and Consumer Protection: Select the source, law, crisis, or data trend that best explains environmentalism, Earth Day, the EPA, clean air and water laws, consumer advocacy, and regulatory politics. (C3 D2.Geo.4-12.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.13-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.10-11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.)

Watergate, the 1970s Economy, and Trust in Government: Choose the evidence that best explains Watergate, congressional oversight, stagflation, energy crises, deindustrialization, and changing public trust in institutions. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.86 - Watergate, the 1970s Economy, and Trust in Government: Choose the evidence that best explains Watergate, congressional oversight, stagflation, energy crises, deindustrialization, and changing public trust in institutions. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.1-14.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 8; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.9-11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.

Conservative Resurgence and the Reagan Era: Choose the policy, coalition, speech excerpt, economic indicator, or election result that best explains the rise of modern conservatism and Reagan-era domestic and foreign policy. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.87 - Conservative Resurgence and the Reagan Era: Choose the policy, coalition, speech excerpt, economic indicator, or election result that best explains the rise of modern conservatism and Reagan-era domestic and foreign policy. (C3 D2.Civ.1-14.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-3; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 1,3,4; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.)

End of the Cold War and the Post-Cold War World: Select the event, leader, treaty, map, or policy decision that best explains the end of the Cold War, U.S. global influence, and debates over intervention after 1991. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.88 - End of the Cold War and the Post-Cold War World: Select the event, leader, treaty, map, or policy decision that best explains the end of the Cold War, U.S. global influence, and debates over intervention after 1991. Standards references: C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.3, RH.11-12.7; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Theme 4; CA HSS 11.9/11.11; NY 11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.

Globalization, Free Trade, and Economic Inequality: Determine which chart, policy, or source best explains globalization, NAFTA, outsourcing, service-sector growth, finance, wage trends, and debates over economic inequality. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.89 - Globalization, Free Trade, and Economic Inequality: Determine which chart, policy, or source best explains globalization, NAFTA, outsourcing, service-sector growth, finance, wage trends, and debates over economic inequality. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.1-12.9-12; C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Theme 3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.

Technology, Media, and the Information Economy: Identify the technological innovation, media change, data trend, or civic issue that best explains the internet age, digital communication, information access, privacy, and political communication. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; CA HSS; NY SS. 11.90 - Technology, Media, and the Information Economy: Identify the technological innovation, media change, data trend, or civic issue that best explains the internet age, digital communication, information access, privacy, and political communication. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.6-10.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.7-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11.

Immigration, Diversity, and Demographic Change in Contemporary America: Choose the demographic pattern, policy debate, or regional example that best explains immigration, migration, identity, labor markets, and pluralism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.91 - Immigration, Diversity, and Demographic Change in Contemporary America: Choose the demographic pattern, policy debate, or regional example that best explains immigration, migration, identity, labor markets, and pluralism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Standards references: C3 D2.Geo.7-12.9-12; C3 D2.His.3-6.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Theme 2; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.

September 11, War on Terror, and Civil Liberties: Select the cause, policy, court issue, map, or source that best explains September 11, homeland security, Afghanistan, Iraq, surveillance, terrorism, and civil liberties debates. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.92 - September 11, War on Terror, and Civil Liberties: Select the cause, policy, court issue, map, or source that best explains September 11, homeland security, Afghanistan, Iraq, surveillance, terrorism, and civil liberties debates. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.8-14.9-12; C3 D2.His.14-16.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.8; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 1,4; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11; FL SS.912.A.7.

Great Recession, Public Policy, and Economic Recovery: Determine which financial practice, policy response, economic indicator, or interpretation best explains the Great Recession, housing crisis, stimulus, regulation, and recovery debates. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; CA HSS; NY SS. 11.93 - Great Recession, Public Policy, and Economic Recovery: Determine which financial practice, policy response, economic indicator, or interpretation best explains the Great Recession, housing crisis, stimulus, regulation, and recovery debates. Standards references: C3 D2.Eco.10-12.9-12; C3 D2.Civ.13-14.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 1,3; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11.

Contemporary Rights, Social Movements, and Civic Participation: Identify the movement, court case, legislation, voting trend, or civic action strategy that best explains contemporary debates over equality, representation, rights, and democratic participation. Aligned to C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; CA HSS; NY SS. 11.94 - Contemporary Rights, Social Movements, and Civic Participation: Identify the movement, court case, legislation, voting trend, or civic action strategy that best explains contemporary debates over equality, representation, rights, and democratic participation. Standards references: C3 D2.Civ.7-14.9-12; C3 D4.1-8.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1, RH.11-12.9; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 1-2; CA HSS 11.10-11.11; NY 11.11.

Climate, Energy, Environment, and Regional Change: Choose the map, data set, policy debate, or regional example that best explains climate change, energy policy, environmental justice, natural disasters, and human-environment interaction. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.95 - Climate, Energy, Environment, and Regional Change: Choose the map, data set, policy debate, or regional example that best explains climate change, energy policy, environmental justice, natural disasters, and human-environment interaction. Standards references: C3 D2.Geo.4-12.9-12; C3 D2.Eco.1-12.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.7-8; APUSH Period 9; NAEP Themes 3-4; CA HSS 11.11; NY 11.11.

Cumulative Thematic Review of U.S. History: Select the best cross-period comparison or thematic claim about American identity, democracy, rights, federal power, migration, regionalism, work, technology, culture, or America's role in the world. Aligned to Broad national and selected state U.S. History alignment: C3 Framework; CCSS Literacy in History/Social Studies 11-12; AP U.S. History; NAEP U.S. History; selected CA, NY, MA, FL, and TX frameworks where applicable. 11.96 - Cumulative Thematic Review of U.S. History: Select the best cross-period comparison or thematic claim about American identity, democracy, rights, federal power, migration, regionalism, work, technology, culture, or America's role in the world. Standards references: C3 D2.His.1-17.9-12; C3 D1-D4.9-12; CCSS RH.11-12.1-10; WHST.11-12.1-9; APUSH Periods 1-9 and Skills 1-6; NAEP Themes 1-4; CA HSS 11.1-11.11; NY 11.1-11.11.