10.13 Early Humans and Human Migration Worksheet

Nabil’s mother kept a sourdough starter in a glass jar wrapped in a towel like a sleeping pet. She called it “the old one,” as if it were a relative. When Nabil asked why she didn’t just buy yeast, she said, “This one remembers.” Nabil rolled his eyes until the week the jar fell and cracked. The starter dripped onto the counter, gray and alive, smelling sharply of vinegar. Nabil expected his mother to panic. Instead she sighed, scraped what she could into a new jar, and added warm water and flour. “It’s ruined,” Nabil said. “It’s injured,” she corrected. “There’s a difference.” Over the next days, Nabil watched the starter change. First it sat still, heavy and flat. Then small bubbles appeared, then more, until the surface looked like it was breathing. His mother fed it at the same time each evening, repeating the same motions: stir, fold, cover, wait. The repetition felt almost like prayer. On Friday, the starter rose enough for bread. Nabil helped knead the dough and felt it resist and then soften under his palms. When the loaf came out of the oven, it cracked on top like a smile. Nabil’s mother cut the first slice and handed it to him. “Now you remember too,” she said. That weekend, she gave Nabil a small jar of starter to take to his uncle’s house. Nabil held it carefully, realizing memory wasn’t something you stored untouched. It was something you kept alive by sharing.

When the city renamed streets, the announcement described it as “streamlining.” New signs would be easier for navigation apps, the statement said. “Efficiency,” the mayor called it, smiling for cameras. At the community center, Liora watched elders react to the news. Some shrugged. Some looked wounded. Liora’s grandmother pressed her lips together and said, quietly, “They’re deleting our map.” Liora didn’t understand until her grandmother unfolded an old paper atlas. The streets had different names—names in a language Liora recognized only from lullabies. Her grandmother traced a finger along one road and told a story about a market that no longer existed. Along another road, she described a protest, a song, an arrest. The names were not just labels; they were memory hooks. In the following weeks, new signs appeared, bright and official. Liora noticed how quickly people adopted them. The old names began to sound like private whispers. At school, Liora’s civics teacher praised the renaming as “progress.” Liora raised her hand and asked, “Progress for whom? And what does it cost when you replace names that carry stories?” The teacher hesitated. The room shifted. That weekend, Liora printed small stickers with the old names and placed them on her grandmother’s atlas beside the new ones—two names for one street. The city wouldn’t see the stickers. But Liora would. When she walked those roads, she would hear both maps at once.

On the class trip, the teacher told students to keep their phones away and “be present.” Malik pretended to comply but kept his phone in his pocket, checking it whenever he could. At the art museum, Malik drifted behind the group. He snapped quick photos of paintings without looking at them, collecting proof rather than experience. He planned to post a montage later with a caption about culture. In one gallery, Malik paused in front of a painting of a doorway lit from inside. He raised his phone automatically. Then he noticed a detail he couldn’t capture: the brushstrokes around the light were uneven, almost trembling, as if the painter’s hand had hesitated. Malik lowered his phone and leaned closer. The doorway looked inviting and uncertain at once. He thought of his own habit of keeping distance by turning everything into content. When the group moved on, Malik stayed an extra minute. He didn’t understand the painting fully, but he let it work on him without translating it into a post. On the bus ride home, Malik deleted most of his photos. He kept one: not of the painting, but of the wall label beside it. The label read only the title: “Threshold.” Malik typed his caption anyway: “Some things you don’t capture. You cross.”