12.16 Close Reading of Complex Passages Worksheet

In an economics report, the writer uses the technical term “liquidity” to make the explanation more precise. The surrounding sentence defines the term as how easily an asset can be turned into cash without a large loss in value. By choosing the technical word instead of a vague phrase, the writer helps readers understand the exact concept being discussed.

In a long-form analysis, Westgate Library Foundation reviewed a congestion fee and the evidence usually cited in support of it. The author summarized data carefully, but the discussion section shifted from measurement to interpretation, emphasizing what the numbers “mean for ordinary people.” At that pivot point, the author described the proposal as “ostensibly,” then repeated the label while presenting a projected 18% change in outcomes. Several counterarguments were mentioned, but they were introduced with framing that made them seem less credible than the author’s preferred explanation. The diction nudges the reader toward a stance before the reader can evaluate the assumptions behind the projection. Noticing this shift helps readers judge whether the language clarifies or manipulates the argument.

In a long-form analysis, Lakeside University reviewed a shoreline restoration plan and the evidence usually cited in support of it. The author summarized data carefully, but the discussion section shifted from measurement to interpretation, emphasizing what the numbers “mean for ordinary people.” At that pivot point, the author described the proposal as “collateral damage,” then repeated the label while presenting a projected 9% change in outcomes. Several counterarguments were mentioned, but they were introduced with framing that made them seem less credible than the author’s preferred explanation. The diction nudges the reader toward a stance before the reader can evaluate the assumptions behind the projection. Noticing this shift helps readers judge whether the language clarifies or manipulates the argument.