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Apply a Concept in a New Context
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AP Biology
APB.003 Apply a Concept in a New Context
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A new volcanic island is initially bare rock. After several years, lichens and small plants appear, followed later by shrubs and nesting birds. Which ecological concept best applies?
A
Secondary succession requires bare rock with no prior soil, so it explains the first lichens.
B
Primary succession can begin on newly exposed surfaces where pioneer species help create conditions for later communities.
C
Succession always moves directly from bare rock to a mature forest in one generation.
D
Pioneer species prevent soil formation because they do not interact with the physical environment.
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