Context Before European Contact: Which description best establishes the geographic, demographic, and cultural diversity of North America before sustained European contact? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.1; LO 1.A; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I - Topic 1.1 - Contextualizing Period 1: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.1; LO 1.A; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Atlantic Expansion Context: Which development in Europe, Africa, or the Atlantic world most directly helps explain the timing and character of European encounters in the Americas after 1491? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.1; LO 1.A; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I - Topic 1.1 - Contextualizing Period 1: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.1; LO 1.A; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Maize Cultivation and Southwestern Societies: Which conclusion best explains how the diffusion of maize agriculture encouraged irrigation, permanent settlement, economic specialization, and social complexity in the Southwest? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D - Topic 1.2 - Native American Societies Before European Contact: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Great Basin and Great Plains Adaptations: Which environmental factor best explains the comparatively mobile lifeways of many peoples in the Great Basin and western Great Plains before European contact? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D - Topic 1.2 - Native American Societies Before European Contact: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Eastern Woodlands and Mississippi Valley Communities: Which statement best connects mixed farming and hunting economies to permanent villages and complex political organization in the Northeast, Atlantic seaboard, and Mississippi River Valley? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D - Topic 1.2 - Native American Societies Before European Contact: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Pacific Coast Resource Use: Which interpretation best explains why abundant ocean and forest resources supported settled communities in parts of the Northwest and present-day California? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D - Topic 1.2 - Native American Societies Before European Contact: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.2; LO 1.B; KC-1.1.I.A, KC-1.1.I.B, KC-1.1.I.C, KC-1.1.I.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Comparison 1.ii.

Motives for European Exploration: Which combination of commercial competition, state power, religious aims, and the search for wealth best explains European exploration and conquest? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.3; LO 1.C; KC-1.2.I.A - Topic 1.3 - European Exploration in the Americas: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.3; LO 1.C; KC-1.2.I.A; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Comparing European Imperial Motives: Which comparison most accurately distinguishes the relative importance of economic, strategic, and religious motives among European powers entering the Americas? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.3; LO 1.C; KC-1.2.I.A - Topic 1.3 - European Exploration in the Americas: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.3; LO 1.C; KC-1.2.I.A; Theme WOR; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii.

Old World Crops and European Population Growth: Which crop transfer from the Americas most directly contributed to dietary change and population growth in Europe, and what broader effect followed? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A - Topic 1.4 - Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Disease and Indigenous Demographic Collapse: Which explanation best accounts for the devastating demographic effects of Afro-Eurasian diseases on Native American populations after contact? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A - Topic 1.4 - Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Animals, Plants, and Environmental Transformation: Which option best explains how introduced animals and crops transformed Indigenous economies, land use, warfare, or settlement patterns? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A - Topic 1.4 - Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Maritime Technology and Atlantic Commerce: Which innovation or business practice most directly enabled longer voyages, larger trading networks, and sustained European colonization? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A - Topic 1.4 - Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.4; LO 1.D; KC-1.2.I.B, KC-1.2.I.C, KC-1.2.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Encomienda and Indigenous Labor: Which description best explains how the encomienda system linked Spanish imperial extraction, Indigenous labor, plantation agriculture, and mining? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D - Topic 1.5 - Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Growth of African Slavery in Spanish America: Which explanation best connects European-African trade relationships and Indigenous population decline to the expansion of forced African labor in Spanish colonies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D - Topic 1.5 - Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Spanish Colonial Caste Hierarchy: Which social hierarchy best reflects how Spanish authorities classified people of European, African, Indigenous, and mixed ancestry to organize status and power? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D - Topic 1.5 - Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.5; LO 1.E; KC-1.2.II.B, KC-1.2.II.C, KC-1.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i.

Divergent Worldviews: Which comparison best explains differences between European and Native American ideas about land use, religion, gender, family, political authority, or property? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.6; LO 1.F; KC-1.2.III, KC-1.2.III.A, KC-1.2.III.B - Topic 1.6 - Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.6; LO 1.F; KC-1.2.III, KC-1.2.III.A, KC-1.2.III.B; Theme WOR; HTS 3.C; 5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Resistance, Adaptation, and Sovereignty: Which response best illustrates Native efforts to preserve political sovereignty, economic autonomy, or cultural traditions as European demands increased? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.6; LO 1.F; KC-1.2.III, KC-1.2.III.A, KC-1.2.III.B - Topic 1.6 - Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.6; LO 1.F; KC-1.2.III, KC-1.2.III.A, KC-1.2.III.B; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.A-5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Relative Effects of Transatlantic Contact: Which argument most convincingly evaluates the relative significance of demographic, economic, environmental, and cultural effects of transatlantic voyages from 1491 to 1607? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 1, Topic 1.7; LO 1.G; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I - Topic 1.7 - Causation in Period 1: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 1, Topic 1.7; LO 1.G; KC-1.1, KC-1.1.I; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Context for Colonial Expansion: Which broader Atlantic development best explains the growth of European colonies in North America from 1607 to 1754? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.1; LO 2.A; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II - Topic 2.1 - Contextualizing Period 2: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.1; LO 2.A; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Environment and Divergent Colonial Regions: Which explanation best connects varied climates, waterways, soils, and Indigenous societies to the development of distinct colonial economies and communities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.1; LO 2.A; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II - Topic 2.1 - Contextualizing Period 2: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.1; LO 2.A; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.iv; Comparison 1.ii.

Spanish Colonization Model: Which description best explains how Spanish colonization combined resource extraction, missionary activity, coerced labor, and incorporation of Native peoples? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C - Topic 2.2 - European Colonization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

French and Dutch Colonization Models: Which statement best explains why French and Dutch colonies relied heavily on commerce, alliances, and intermarriage with Native peoples? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C - Topic 2.2 - European Colonization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

English Settler Colonization: Which factor best explains why English colonies attracted comparatively large numbers of male and female migrants seeking land, economic opportunity, or religious autonomy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C - Topic 2.2 - European Colonization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Compare Imperial Systems: Which comparison best distinguishes Spanish, French, Dutch, and English approaches to land, labor, trade, religion, and relations with Native peoples? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C - Topic 2.2 - European Colonization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.2; LO 2.B; KC-2.1.I.A, KC-2.1.I.B, KC-2.1.I.C; Theme MIG; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Chesapeake Tobacco Economy: Which explanation best connects tobacco cultivation, labor demand, indentured servitude, mortality, and the later expansion of racial slavery in the Chesapeake? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D - Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

New England Town and Family Economy: Which environmental and religious factors best explain New England's family farms, compact towns, mixed economy, and relatively balanced sex ratio? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D - Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Middle Colonies and Pluralism: Which statement best explains how cereal exports and diverse immigration contributed to the economic, ethnic, and religious pluralism of the middle colonies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D - Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Southern Atlantic and West Indian Plantations: Which explanation best connects long growing seasons, export crops, plantation organization, and enslaved labor in the southern Atlantic colonies and British West Indies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D - Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Regional Colonial Map Analysis: Which conclusion about colonial regional development is best supported by a map showing ports, staple crops, settlement density, and physical geography? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D - Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.3; LO 2.C; KC-2.1.II.A, KC-2.1.II.B, KC-2.1.II.C, KC-2.1.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii.

Atlantic Trading Networks: Which description best explains how goods, capital, enslaved people, and ideas circulated among Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and mainland North America? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C - Topic 2.4 - Transatlantic Trade: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Transatlantic Slave Trade: Which evidence best demonstrates how Atlantic commerce expanded racial slavery and linked colonial production to European markets? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C - Topic 2.4 - Transatlantic Trade: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Trade and Native Communities: Which consequence best reflects how European trade goods and epidemic diseases changed Native economies, diplomacy, warfare, and settlement? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C - Topic 2.4 - Transatlantic Trade: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Mercantilism and Imperial Regulation: Which policy best illustrates British efforts to organize the colonies within a hierarchical mercantilist empire, and what colonial response did it encourage? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C - Topic 2.4 - Transatlantic Trade: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.4; LO 2.D; KC-2.1.III.A, KC-2.1.III.B, KC-2.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Alliance and Accommodation: Which example best illustrates how European empires and Native nations formed alliances to advance trade, diplomacy, or military goals? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F - Topic 2.5 - Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i; Comparison 1.i.

Land Conflict and Metacom’s War: Which factor most directly explains the escalation of conflict between New England colonists and Native peoples in the late 17th century? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F - Topic 2.5 - Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Pueblo Revolt and Spanish Accommodation: Which interpretation best explains both the causes of the Pueblo Revolt and the changes Spanish authorities made afterward? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F - Topic 2.5 - Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Comparing European-Native Relations: Which paired sources best reveal how trade dependence, military rivalry, land pressure, and cultural exchange produced both cooperation and conflict? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F - Topic 2.5 - Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.5; LO 2.E; KC-2.1.III.C, KC-2.1.III.E, KC-2.1.III.F; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Regional Development of Slavery: Which comparison best explains why slavery developed differently in the Chesapeake, South Carolina, the Caribbean, and northern colonies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B - Topic 2.6 - Slavery in the British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B; Theme WXT; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Racialization and Slave Codes: Which legal or social development most clearly marks the shift from flexible labor systems toward hereditary racial slavery? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B - Topic 2.6 - Slavery in the British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

African Culture, Family, and Resistance: Which example best demonstrates how enslaved Africans preserved or created cultural practices, family networks, religious traditions, and forms of resistance? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B - Topic 2.6 - Slavery in the British Colonies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.6; LO 2.F; KC-2.2.II.A, KC-2.2.II.B; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Religious Diversity and the Great Awakening: Which effect of the Great Awakening most directly challenged established authority or encouraged greater religious participation in the colonies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B - Topic 2.7 - Colonial Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B; Theme ARC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Enlightenment and Print Culture: Which source or institution best illustrates the spread of Enlightenment ideas, literacy, scientific inquiry, and public debate in British North America? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B - Topic 2.7 - Colonial Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B; Theme ARC; HTS 1.A; 3.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Colonial Demography and Social Hierarchy: Which statement best explains how population growth, immigration, family formation, wealth, gender, and race shaped colonial social structures? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B - Topic 2.7 - Colonial Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.7; LO 2.H; KC-2.2.I.A, KC-2.2.I.B; Theme ARC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Compare Colonial Regions: Which thesis best compares how environment, labor systems, religion, migration, and imperial policy shaped two colonial regions from 1607 to 1754? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.8; LO 2.J; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II, KC-2.1.III - Topic 2.8 - Comparison in Period 2: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.8; LO 2.J; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II, KC-2.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.C; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Relative Effects of Colonial Development: Which argument best evaluates whether economic systems, cultural beliefs, or political institutions produced the most significant regional differences in colonial society? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 2, Topic 2.8; LO 2.J; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II, KC-2.1.III - Topic 2.8 - Comparison in Period 2: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 2, Topic 2.8; LO 2.J; KC-2.1, KC-2.1.I, KC-2.1.II, KC-2.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Comparison 1.iii; Causation 2.v.

Context for Revolution and Nation Building: Which development best establishes the context in which British colonists moved from participation in an empire toward independence and republican government? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.1; LO 3.A; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II - Topic 3.1 - Contextualizing Period 3: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.1; LO 3.A; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Atlantic Ideas and Imperial Conflict: Which combination of Enlightenment ideas, imperial warfare, colonial self-government, and economic growth best explains changing colonial attitudes after 1754? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.1; LO 3.A; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II - Topic 3.1 - Contextualizing Period 3: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.1; LO 3.A; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Imperial Rivalry in the Seven Years’ War: Which explanation best connects British, French, Native, and colonial interests to the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in North America? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C - Topic 3.2 - The Seven Years' War (The French and Indian War): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Consequences of British Victory: Which consequence of Britain's victory most directly altered relations among the British government, colonists, and Native peoples? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C - Topic 3.2 - The Seven Years' War (The French and Indian War): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

War Debt and Imperial Reorganization: Which policy change was most directly motivated by Britain's postwar debt and desire to administer its enlarged empire more effectively? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C - Topic 3.2 - The Seven Years' War (The French and Indian War): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.2; LO 3.B; KC-3.1.I.A, KC-3.1.I.B, KC-3.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

End of Salutary Neglect: Which British action most clearly represented a departure from earlier patterns of colonial administration after 1763? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D - Topic 3.3 - Taxation Without Representation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Colonial Resistance to Taxation: Which colonial argument best explains opposition to parliamentary taxation and the slogan no taxation without representation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D - Topic 3.3 - Taxation Without Representation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Escalation from Protest to Revolution: Which sequence of imperial measures and colonial responses most accurately shows the escalation from protest to armed conflict? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D - Topic 3.3 - Taxation Without Representation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Comparing Patriot and Loyalist Perspectives: Which statement best distinguishes Patriot and Loyalist interpretations of constitutional authority, rights, order, and allegiance? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D - Topic 3.3 - Taxation Without Representation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.3; LO 3.C; KC-3.1.II.A, KC-3.1.II.B, KC-3.1.II.C, KC-3.1.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Enlightenment Natural Rights: Which political claim most directly reflects Enlightenment ideas about natural rights, consent of the governed, and the social contract? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B - Topic 3.4 - Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A; 3.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i.

Republicanism and Civic Virtue: Which description best explains how republican ideas about virtue, corruption, representation, and the public good shaped revolutionary thought? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B - Topic 3.4 - Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B; Theme NAT; HTS 1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Declaration of Independence Argument: Which evidence from the Declaration most directly supports its argument that separation from Britain was justified? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B - Topic 3.4 - Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.4; LO 3.D; KC-3.2.I.A, KC-3.2.I.B; Theme NAT; HTS 3.A-3.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Factors in American Victory: Which combination of geography, military leadership, colonial persistence, British strategic problems, and foreign assistance best explains American victory? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E - Topic 3.5 - The American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

French Alliance and Yorktown: Which development most directly transformed the war into an international conflict and increased the likelihood of an American victory? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E - Topic 3.5 - The American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Evaluating Revolutionary Military Evidence: Which military map, troop table, or diplomatic source best supports an argument about the relative importance of foreign aid to the Patriot victory? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E - Topic 3.5 - The American Revolution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.5; LO 3.E; KC-3.1.II.E; Theme WOR; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.B; RP Causation 2.v.

Revolutionary Ideals and Slavery: Which outcome best demonstrates both the antislavery influence and the limitations of revolutionary ideals after independence? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D - Topic 3.6 - The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Women and Republican Motherhood: Which statement best explains how revolutionary republicanism changed expectations for women while preserving major political and legal inequalities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D - Topic 3.6 - The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Revolutionary Ideals and Marginalized Groups: Which comparison best explains how African Americans, Native Americans, and women invoked revolutionary language while facing different barriers to equality? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D - Topic 3.6 - The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.6; LO 3.F; KC-3.2.I.C, KC-3.2.I.D; Theme SOC; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Which achievement most clearly demonstrates that the Confederation government could organize western lands or conduct diplomacy despite its limited powers? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C - Topic 3.7 - The Articles of Confederation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Weaknesses of the Confederation Government: Which problem most directly resulted from Congress's inability to tax, regulate interstate commerce, or compel state compliance? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C - Topic 3.7 - The Articles of Confederation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Shays’ Rebellion and Constitutional Reform: Which interpretation best explains why Shays’ Rebellion strengthened calls for revising the national government? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C - Topic 3.7 - The Articles of Confederation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.7; LO 3.H; KC-3.2.II.A, KC-3.2.II.B, KC-3.3.I.C; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Constitutional Compromises: Which constitutional provision resulted most directly from conflict over representation, slavery, or the balance between large and small states? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E - Topic 3.8 - The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Federalist and Anti-Federalist Arguments: Which statement best distinguishes Federalist and Anti-Federalist views of centralized power, republican government, liberty, and the proposed Constitution? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E - Topic 3.8 - The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Ratification and the Bill of Rights: Which political concern most directly explains the promise to add a bill of rights during the ratification debate? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E - Topic 3.8 - The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.8; LO 3.I; KC-3.2.II.C.i, KC-3.2.II.D, KC-3.2.II.E; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 3.D; RP Causation 2.ii.

Federalism and Separation of Powers: Which constitutional feature best illustrates the creation of a stronger but limited central government through federalism, separated powers, and checks and balances? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.9; LO 3.J; KC-3.2.II.C.ii - Topic 3.9 - The Constitution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.9; LO 3.J; KC-3.2.II.C.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Articles-to-Constitution Change: Which comparison best explains a major continuity and a major change between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.9; LO 3.J; KC-3.2.II.C.ii - Topic 3.9 - The Constitution: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.9; LO 3.J; KC-3.2.II.C.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Hamilton’s Financial Program: Which policy most directly reflects Hamilton’s goal of strengthening federal authority, public credit, manufacturing, and ties between wealthy citizens and the national government? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D - Topic 3.10 - Shaping a New Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Emergence of the First Party System: Which disagreement most directly contributed to the rise of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans in the 1790s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D - Topic 3.10 - Shaping a New Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Foreign Policy and Domestic Division: Which foreign-policy controversy best demonstrates how the French Revolution and European warfare intensified partisan conflict in the United States? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D - Topic 3.10 - Shaping a New Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.10; LO 3.K; KC-3.3.II.A, KC-3.3.II.B, KC-3.3.I.E, KC-3.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Developing National Identity: Which cultural or political development best illustrates efforts to create a distinct American identity after independence? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.11; LO 3.M; KC-3.2.III.ii, KC-3.2.III.D - Topic 3.11 - Developing an American Identity: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.11; LO 3.M; KC-3.2.III.ii, KC-3.2.III.D; Theme ARC; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Regionalism within National Culture: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that a growing national identity coexisted with persistent regional, religious, racial, and class differences? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.11; LO 3.M; KC-3.2.III.ii, KC-3.2.III.D - Topic 3.11 - Developing an American Identity: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.11; LO 3.M; KC-3.2.III.ii, KC-3.2.III.D; Theme ARC; HTS 3.B-3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Western Settlement and Native Resistance: Which cause-and-effect relationship best explains conflict among settlers, Native nations, and the federal government in the trans-Appalachian West? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.12; LO 3.N; KC-3.3.I.A, KC-3.3.I.B - Topic 3.12 - Movement in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.12; LO 3.N; KC-3.3.I.A, KC-3.3.I.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Migration, Land Policy, and Slavery: Which federal land policy or migration pattern most directly encouraged western settlement while raising questions about Native sovereignty and the expansion of slavery? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.12; LO 3.N; KC-3.3.I.A, KC-3.3.I.B - Topic 3.12 - Movement in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.12; LO 3.N; KC-3.3.I.A, KC-3.3.I.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Continuity and Change in the Revolutionary Era: Which argument best evaluates how independence changed political institutions and national identity while preserving important social and economic hierarchies from 1754 to 1800? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 3, Topic 3.13; LO 3.P; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II - Topic 3.13 - Continuity and Change in Period 3: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 3, Topic 3.13; LO 3.P; KC-3.1, KC-3.1.I, KC-3.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Context for the Early Republic: Which development best establishes the political, economic, and cultural context in which the United States expanded and democratized from 1800 to 1848? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.1; LO 4.A; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III - Topic 4.1 - Contextualizing Period 4: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.1; LO 4.A; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Growth, Markets, and Democratic Culture: Which combination of population growth, territorial expansion, transportation change, and participatory politics best explains the transformation of the early republic? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.1; LO 4.A; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III - Topic 4.1 - Contextualizing Period 4: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.1; LO 4.A; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Jeffersonian Republicanism: Which policy or argument best reflects Jeffersonian beliefs about agrarian republicanism, limited government, and political economy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i - Topic 4.2 - The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Louisiana Purchase and Constitutional Interpretation: Which explanation best captures the tension between Jefferson's strict-construction principles and the decision to acquire Louisiana? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i - Topic 4.2 - The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i; Theme PCE; HTS 3.D; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review: Which constitutional principle was most directly strengthened by Marbury v. Madison, and how did it alter the balance among federal institutions? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i - Topic 4.2 - The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.2; LO 4.B; KC-4.1.I.A, KC-4.1.I.B, KC-4.3.I.A.i; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Regional Interests and the American System: Which regional interest best explains support for or opposition to a national bank, protective tariffs, and federally supported internal improvements? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.3; LO 4.C; KC-4.1.I.D, KC-4.2.III.D, KC-4.3.II.C - Topic 4.3 - Politics and Regional Interests: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.3; LO 4.C; KC-4.1.I.D, KC-4.2.III.D, KC-4.3.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Causes and Consequences of the War of 1812: Which explanation best connects maritime conflict, western expansion, Native resistance, and national honor to the War of 1812 and its aftermath? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii - Topic 4.4 - America on the World Stage: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Monroe Doctrine and Hemispheric Policy: Which statement best explains the intended purpose and historical context of the Monroe Doctrine? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii - Topic 4.4 - America on the World Stage: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.B; 4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Foreign Policy Continuity and Change: Which comparison best explains continuity and change in U.S. diplomacy from Washington's neutrality through the Monroe Doctrine? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii - Topic 4.4 - America on the World Stage: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.4; LO 4.D; KC-4.3.I, KC-4.3.I.A.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Transportation Revolution: Which innovation most directly reduced transportation costs, linked western farms to eastern markets, and accelerated regional economic integration? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C - Topic 4.5 - Market Revolution: Industrialization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Factory Production and Mechanization: Which development best explains the shift from household production toward factory-based manufacturing and wage labor? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C - Topic 4.5 - Market Revolution: Industrialization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Commercial Agriculture and Regional Specialization: Which map or data pattern best demonstrates increasing regional specialization in cotton, grain, manufacturing, and commercial exchange? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C - Topic 4.5 - Market Revolution: Industrialization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii; Causation 2.i.

Market Revolution Causation: Which argument best evaluates the relative importance of transportation, technology, finance, and government policy in causing the Market Revolution? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C - Topic 4.5 - Market Revolution: Industrialization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.5; LO 4.E; KC-4.2.I.A, KC-4.2.I.B, KC-4.2.III.B, KC-4.2.I.C; Theme WXT; HTS 6.A-6.C; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Wage Labor and Class Formation: Which social change most directly resulted from the growth of factories, wage work, and market dependence in northern communities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C - Topic 4.6 - Market Revolution: Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Separate Spheres and Gender Ideology: Which statement best explains how market change contributed to the ideology of separate spheres while women’s paid and unpaid labor remained economically important? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C - Topic 4.6 - Market Revolution: Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Immigration and Urbanization: Which push-and-pull factors best explain Irish and German immigration and the growth of northeastern cities before 1848? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C - Topic 4.6 - Market Revolution: Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Market Revolution Winners and Losers: Which comparison best explains how the Market Revolution affected farmers, artisans, wage workers, women, enslaved people, and entrepreneurs differently? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C - Topic 4.6 - Market Revolution: Society and Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.6; LO 4.F; KC-4.2.III.A, KC-4.2.II.B, KC-4.2.II.A, KC-4.2.II.C; Theme SOC; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Expansion of White Male Suffrage: Which political change most directly expanded participation for white men during the early 19th century? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.7; LO 4.G; KC-4.1.I - Topic 4.7 - Expanding Democracy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.7; LO 4.G; KC-4.1.I; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Mass Parties and Campaigning: Which feature of the second party system best illustrates the growth of popular political participation and organized campaigning? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.7; LO 4.G; KC-4.1.I - Topic 4.7 - Expanding Democracy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.7; LO 4.G; KC-4.1.I; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Nullification Crisis and Federal Authority: Which constitutional dispute lay at the center of the nullification crisis, and how did Jackson respond? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B - Topic 4.8 - Jackson and Federal Power: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Bank War and Executive Power: Which argument best explains how the Bank War reflected conflict over economic privilege, federal authority, and presidential power? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B - Topic 4.8 - Jackson and Federal Power: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B; Theme PCE; HTS 3.A-3.D; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Indian Removal Policy: Which evidence best explains the relationship among settler expansion, state power, federal policy, Supreme Court decisions, and Native removal? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B - Topic 4.8 - Jackson and Federal Power: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.8; LO 4.H; KC-4.1.I.C, KC-4.3.I.B; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Distinctive American Arts and Ideas: Which literary, artistic, or philosophical movement best illustrates the development of a distinct national culture in the early republic? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.9; LO 4.I; KC-4.1.II.B, KC-4.1.II.C - Topic 4.9 - The Development of an American Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.9; LO 4.I; KC-4.1.II.B, KC-4.1.II.C; Theme ARC; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

National Culture and Regional Diversity: Which interpretation best explains how nationalism, regional identities, democratic values, and Indigenous or African American traditions simultaneously shaped culture? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.9; LO 4.I; KC-4.1.II.B, KC-4.1.II.C - Topic 4.9 - The Development of an American Culture: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.9; LO 4.I; KC-4.1.II.B, KC-4.1.II.C; Theme ARC; HTS 5.B; 6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Causes of the Second Great Awakening: Which combination of democratization, market disruption, mobility, and reaction against rationalism best explains the Second Great Awakening? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.10; LO 4.J; KC-4.1.II.A.i - Topic 4.10 - The Second Great Awakening: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.10; LO 4.J; KC-4.1.II.A.i; Theme ARC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Revivalism and Social Action: Which feature of evangelical revivalism most directly encouraged voluntary associations and moral reform campaigns? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.10; LO 4.J; KC-4.1.II.A.i - Topic 4.10 - The Second Great Awakening: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.10; LO 4.J; KC-4.1.II.A.i; Theme ARC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Antebellum Reform Movements: Which goal, method, or constituency best distinguishes temperance, public education, prison reform, utopian, and abolitionist movements? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i - Topic 4.11 - An Age of Reform: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i; Theme ARC; HTS 1.A; 5.A; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii.

Abolitionism and Moral Suasion: Which source best reflects abolitionist arguments based on natural rights, Christianity, immediatism, or the testimony of formerly enslaved people? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i - Topic 4.11 - An Age of Reform: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.A-3.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Women’s Rights and Seneca Falls: Which claim in the Declaration of Sentiments most directly adapts revolutionary language to challenge women’s legal and political inequality? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i - Topic 4.11 - An Age of Reform: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.11; LO 4.K; KC-4.1.II.A.ii, KC-4.1.III.A, KC-4.1.III.B.i, KC-4.3.II.B.i; Theme ARC; HTS 3.A-3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Free Black Communities and Resistance: Which example best illustrates how free and enslaved African Americans built institutions, resisted slavery, or advocated citizenship in the early republic? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.12; LO 4.L; KC-4.1.III.B.ii, KC-4.1.II.D - Topic 4.12 - African Americans in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.12; LO 4.L; KC-4.1.III.B.ii, KC-4.1.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Slavery, Law, and Racial Restriction: Which development best demonstrates the persistence or expansion of racial inequality despite revolutionary and reform ideals? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.12; LO 4.L; KC-4.1.III.B.ii, KC-4.1.II.D - Topic 4.12 - African Americans in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.12; LO 4.L; KC-4.1.III.B.ii, KC-4.1.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 3.B-3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Cotton Kingdom and Geographic Expansion: Which environmental and technological factors most directly supported the rapid expansion of cotton cultivation and plantation slavery across the Deep South? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.13; LO 4.M; KC-4.3.II.B.ii, KC-4.2.III.C, KC-4.3.II.A - Topic 4.13 - The Society of the South in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.13; LO 4.M; KC-4.3.II.B.ii, KC-4.2.III.C, KC-4.3.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Southern Social Structure: Which description best explains the relationship among enslaved labor, planter power, yeoman farming, gender roles, and limited urbanization in the antebellum South? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.13; LO 4.M; KC-4.3.II.B.ii, KC-4.2.III.C, KC-4.3.II.A - Topic 4.13 - The Society of the South in the Early Republic: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.13; LO 4.M; KC-4.3.II.B.ii, KC-4.2.III.C, KC-4.3.II.A; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Causation and National Development: Which argument best evaluates the relative importance of politics, markets, territorial growth, and foreign policy in promoting a distinct American identity from 1800 to 1848? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 4, Topic 4.14; LO 4.N; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III - Topic 4.14 - Causation in Period 4: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 4, Topic 4.14; LO 4.N; KC-4.1, KC-4.1.I, KC-4.1.II, KC-4.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Context for Sectional Crisis: Which development best establishes the context in which territorial expansion intensified sectional conflict over slavery from 1844 to 1877? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.1; LO 5.A; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II - Topic 5.1 - Contextualizing Period 5: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.1; LO 5.A; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

Expansion, Party Politics, and Slavery: Which combination of westward migration, economic divergence, abolitionism, and party realignment best explains the deepening sectional crisis? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.1; LO 5.A; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II - Topic 5.1 - Contextualizing Period 5: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.1; LO 5.A; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Ideology of Manifest Destiny: Which statement best explains how beliefs about providence, race, republican institutions, and economic opportunity supported Manifest Destiny? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E - Topic 5.2 - Manifest Destiny: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Texas, Oregon, and Continental Expansion: Which diplomatic or political development most directly contributed to U.S. territorial expansion during the 1840s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E - Topic 5.2 - Manifest Destiny: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Expansion and Native Displacement: Which consequence best demonstrates how federal land policy and settler migration undermined Native sovereignty in the West? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E - Topic 5.2 - Manifest Destiny: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E; Theme GEO; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Manifest Destiny: Causes and Effects: Which argument best evaluates the relative importance of economic opportunity, nationalism, racial ideology, and security concerns in driving westward expansion? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E - Topic 5.2 - Manifest Destiny: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.2; LO 5.B; KC-5.1.I.A, KC-5.1.I.B, KC-5.1.I.D, KC-5.1.I.E; Theme GEO; HTS 6.A-6.C; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Causes of the Mexican-American War: Which dispute most directly contributed to the outbreak of war between the United States and Mexico in 1846? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C - Topic 5.3 - The Mexican-American War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

War Debate and Political Perspective: Which comparison best distinguishes expansionist and antiwar arguments concerning the Mexican-American War? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C - Topic 5.3 - The Mexican-American War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Mexican Cession and Sectional Conflict: Which consequence of the Mexican-American War most directly intensified debate over the expansion of slavery? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C - Topic 5.3 - The Mexican-American War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.3; LO 5.C; KC-5.1.I.C, KC-5.1.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Compromise of 1850: Which provision of the Compromise of 1850 was designed to address a specific sectional demand, and what political effect did it have? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.4; LO 5.D; KC-5.2.II.A, KC-5.2.II.B.i - Topic 5.4 - The Compromise of 1850: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.4; LO 5.D; KC-5.2.II.A, KC-5.2.II.B.i; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii; Causation 2.ii.

Fugitive Slave Act and Northern Resistance: Which response to the Fugitive Slave Act best demonstrates how federal enforcement of slavery intensified northern antislavery sentiment? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.4; LO 5.D; KC-5.2.II.A, KC-5.2.II.B.i - Topic 5.4 - The Compromise of 1850: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.4; LO 5.D; KC-5.2.II.A, KC-5.2.II.B.i; Theme NAT; HTS 1.B; 3.D; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Northern and Southern Economic Divergence: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that the North and South developed increasingly different labor systems, transportation networks, and patterns of urbanization? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B - Topic 5.5 - Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B; Theme ARC; HTS 3.B; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Immigration and American Culture: Which effect of Irish or German immigration most directly altered urban politics, labor, religion, or culture in the mid-19th century? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B - Topic 5.5 - Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B; Theme ARC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Nativism and the Know-Nothing Movement: Which concern most directly explains the rise of nativist politics in the 1840s and 1850s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B - Topic 5.5 - Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.5; LO 5.E; KC-5.1.II.A, KC-5.1.II.B; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Kansas-Nebraska Act and Popular Sovereignty: Which consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act most directly weakened earlier sectional compromises and accelerated party realignment? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C - Topic 5.6 - Failure of Compromise: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Bleeding Kansas and Sectional Violence: Which evidence best demonstrates that conflict over slavery’s expansion moved from congressional debate toward organized violence? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C - Topic 5.6 - Failure of Compromise: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 3.B-3.D; RP Causation 2.ii.

Dred Scott Decision: Which constitutional claim in Dred Scott v. Sandford most directly intensified northern opposition to the expansion of slavery? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C - Topic 5.6 - Failure of Compromise: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Abolitionism, John Brown, and Failed Compromise: Which interpretation best explains how abolitionist action and southern fears of slave resistance narrowed opportunities for political compromise? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C - Topic 5.6 - Failure of Compromise: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.6; LO 5.G; KC-5.2.II.B.ii, KC-5.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 2.B-2.C; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Election of 1860: Which feature of the 1860 election most clearly reflected the collapse of a national party system along sectional lines? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.7; LO 5.H; KC-5.2.II.D - Topic 5.7 - Election of 1860 and Secession: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.7; LO 5.H; KC-5.2.II.D; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Secession and Confederate Arguments: Which claim best represents secessionist reasoning, and which evidence most directly challenges or supports that claim? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.7; LO 5.H; KC-5.2.II.D - Topic 5.7 - Election of 1860 and Secession: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.7; LO 5.H; KC-5.2.II.D; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.D; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Union and Confederate Resources: Which comparison best explains how population, industry, transportation, finance, geography, and military leadership shaped the course of the Civil War? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D - Topic 5.8 - Military Conflict in the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Border States and Union Strategy: Which strategic consideration best explains Union policy toward the border states during the early Civil War? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D - Topic 5.8 - Military Conflict in the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Emancipation as Military Policy: Which explanation best connects the Emancipation Proclamation to military strategy, diplomacy, African American enlistment, and the changing purpose of the war? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D - Topic 5.8 - Military Conflict in the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Turning Points in the Civil War: Which battle, campaign, or diplomatic development most plausibly qualifies as a turning point, and what evidence best supports that conclusion? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D - Topic 5.8 - Military Conflict in the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.8; LO 5.I; KC-5.3.I.A, KC-5.3.I.D; Theme WOR; HTS 3.B; 5.B; 6.C; RP Causation 2.v.

Expansion of Federal Wartime Power: Which wartime policy best illustrates the expansion of federal authority over civil liberties, finance, conscription, or the economy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C - Topic 5.9 - Government Policies During the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Republican Economic Legislation: Which Civil War-era law most directly promoted western settlement, higher education, national finance, or transcontinental transportation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C - Topic 5.9 - Government Policies During the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Civil War and American Ideals: Which statement best explains how emancipation and Union victory redefined constitutional ideals of liberty, citizenship, and national authority? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C - Topic 5.9 - Government Policies During the Civil War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.9; LO 5.J; KC-5.3.I.B, KC-5.3.I.C; Theme NAT; HTS 3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction: Which comparison best distinguishes presidential and congressional approaches to restoring the Union and protecting freedpeople? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C - Topic 5.10 - Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Reconstruction Amendments: Which constitutional amendment most directly addressed slavery, citizenship, equal protection, or voting rights in a given scenario? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C - Topic 5.10 - Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Black Political Participation and Institution Building: Which development best illustrates African American political agency, education, family reunification, church building, or community leadership during Reconstruction? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C - Topic 5.10 - Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Sharecropping, Labor, and Southern Economy: Which explanation best connects landlessness, crop-lien credit, sharecropping, and continuing economic dependence after emancipation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C - Topic 5.10 - Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.10; LO 5.K; KC-5.3.II.ii, KC-5.3.II.A, KC-5.3.II.B, KC-5.3.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

White Supremacist Resistance: Which tactic most directly undermined Reconstruction governments and African American civil and political rights? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E - Topic 5.11 - Failure of Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Retreat from Reconstruction: Which combination of northern fatigue, economic crisis, court decisions, political bargaining, and violence best explains the end of Reconstruction? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E - Topic 5.11 - Failure of Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E; Theme NAT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Reconstruction: Continuity and Change: Which comparison best explains how Reconstruction transformed law and citizenship while leaving major continuities in racial and economic power? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E - Topic 5.11 - Failure of Reconstruction: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.11; LO 5.L; KC-5.3.II.D, KC-5.3.II.E; Theme NAT; HTS 3.C; 5.B; 6.C; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Civil War and American Values: Which argument best evaluates whether the Civil War and Reconstruction changed national values more through emancipation, federal power, economic policy, or unresolved sectional conflict? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 5, Topic 5.12; LO 5.M; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II - Topic 5.12 - Comparison in Period 5: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 5, Topic 5.12; LO 5.M; KC-5.1, KC-5.1.I, KC-5.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Comparison 1.iii; Continuity and Change 3.iii.

Context for Industrial Capitalism: Which post-Civil War development best establishes the context for the rapid growth of industrial capitalism from 1865 to 1898? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.1; LO 6.A; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III - Topic 6.1 - Contextualizing Period 6: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.1; LO 6.A; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Causation 2.iv.

National Markets and Corporate Growth: Which combination of resources, labor, transportation, finance, technology, and government policy best explains the emergence of a national industrial economy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.1; LO 6.A; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III - Topic 6.1 - Contextualizing Period 6: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.1; LO 6.A; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Railroads and Western Economic Development: Which effect of railroad expansion most directly accelerated western settlement, commercial agriculture, mining, and national market integration? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A - Topic 6.2 - Westward Expansion: Economic Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Federal Land Policy and Settlement: Which federal policy most directly encouraged migration, private landholding, railroad construction, or commercial development in the West? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A - Topic 6.2 - Westward Expansion: Economic Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Boom-and-Bust Western Industries: Which pattern best characterizes the development of mining, ranching, farming, and extractive industries in the late-19th-century West? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A - Topic 6.2 - Westward Expansion: Economic Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.2; LO 6.B; KC-6.1.III.A, KC-6.1.III.B, KC-6.1.I.A, KC-6.2.II.A; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Native Resistance and Federal Conquest: Which explanation best connects settler expansion, military campaigns, treaty violations, and the confinement of Native peoples to reservations? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E - Topic 6.3 - Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Assimilation and Allotment Policies: Which federal policy most directly sought to break up tribal lands and assimilate Native peoples into Euro-American culture? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E - Topic 6.3 - Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Myth and Reality of the West: Which comparison best distinguishes popular images of the West from the diverse experiences of Native peoples, Mexican Americans, Asian immigrants, women, farmers, and laborers? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E - Topic 6.3 - Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.3; LO 6.B; KC-6.2.II.B, KC-6.2.II.C, KC-6.2.II.D, KC-6.2.II.E; Theme MIG; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Economic Change in the New South: Which development best supports the claim that the postwar South experienced limited industrial diversification while remaining dependent on agriculture? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.4; LO 6.C; KC-6.1.II.D, KC-6.3.II.C - Topic 6.4 - The New South: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.4; LO 6.C; KC-6.1.II.D, KC-6.3.II.C; Theme NAT; HTS 3.B-3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Jim Crow and Disenfranchisement: Which law, court decision, or political practice most clearly demonstrates the reestablishment of white supremacy after Reconstruction? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.4; LO 6.C; KC-6.1.II.D, KC-6.3.II.C - Topic 6.4 - The New South: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.4; LO 6.C; KC-6.1.II.D, KC-6.3.II.C; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Technology and Mass Production: Which innovation most directly increased the scale, speed, or coordination of industrial production and distribution? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.5; LO 6.D; KC-6.1.I.B.i - Topic 6.5 - Technological Innovation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.5; LO 6.D; KC-6.1.I.B.i; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Technology and Everyday Life: Which effect best illustrates how electricity, communication, transportation, or new production methods transformed work and consumption? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.5; LO 6.D; KC-6.1.I.B.i - Topic 6.5 - Technological Innovation: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.5; LO 6.D; KC-6.1.I.B.i; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Corporate Consolidation: Which business practice best illustrates vertical integration, horizontal integration, trusts, or holding companies? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i - Topic 6.6 - The Rise of Industrial Capitalism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i.

Captains of Industry and Robber Barons: Which evidence best supports or challenges an interpretation of industrial leaders as innovators, monopolists, philanthropists, or exploiters? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i - Topic 6.6 - The Rise of Industrial Capitalism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.D; RP Comparison 1.iii.

Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and the Gospel of Wealth: Which source argument best reflects a major justification for wealth inequality or private philanthropy during the Gilded Age? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i - Topic 6.6 - The Rise of Industrial Capitalism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i; Theme WXT; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.A; RP Causation 2.iv.

Industrial Capitalism and Inequality: Which data trend best demonstrates the relationship among productivity, corporate wealth, wage labor, and economic inequality? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i - Topic 6.6 - The Rise of Industrial Capitalism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.6; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.I.B.ii, KC-6.1.I.D, KC-6.1.I.E.i; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i; Continuity and Change 3.i.

Industrial Working Conditions: Which condition most directly contributed to labor unrest among factory, railroad, mining, or steel workers? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i - Topic 6.7 - Labor in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Labor Unions and Strategies: Which comparison best distinguishes the membership, goals, and tactics of the Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, and other labor organizations? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i - Topic 6.7 - Labor in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i; Theme WXT; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Major Labor Conflicts: Which factor best explains the outcome of a major Gilded Age strike, including the role of employers, courts, state militias, or federal troops? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i - Topic 6.7 - Labor in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.7; LO 6.E; KC-6.1.I.C, KC-6.1.II.C, KC-6.1.II.B.i; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

New Immigration: Which push-and-pull factors best explain increasing immigration from southern and eastern Europe and Asia during the Gilded Age? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B - Topic 6.8 - Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Urbanization and Ethnic Communities: Which urban institution or settlement pattern best illustrates how immigrants adapted to industrial cities while preserving cultural networks? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B - Topic 6.8 - Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Internal Migration: Which economic or social factor most directly encouraged African American, rural, or regional migration within the United States in the late 19th century? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B - Topic 6.8 - Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.8; LO 6.F; KC-6.1.II.B.ii, KC-6.2.I.A, KC-6.2.I.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Nativism and Immigration Restriction: Which law or movement most clearly reflects racial, religious, or economic hostility toward immigrants during the Gilded Age? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.9; LO 6.G; KC-6.2.I.C, KC-6.3.I.A, KC-6.3.II.B.i - Topic 6.9 - Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.9; LO 6.G; KC-6.2.I.C, KC-6.3.I.A, KC-6.3.II.B.i; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Assimilation, Pluralism, and Resistance: Which comparison best explains competing responses to immigration, including assimilation, cultural pluralism, political organization, and exclusion? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.9; LO 6.G; KC-6.2.I.C, KC-6.3.I.A, KC-6.3.II.B.i - Topic 6.9 - Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.9; LO 6.G; KC-6.2.I.C, KC-6.3.I.A, KC-6.3.II.B.i; Theme MIG; HTS 3.C; 5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Middle-Class Culture and Consumer Life: Which development best illustrates the growth of a salaried middle class, professional work, leisure, education, or consumer culture? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.10; LO 6.H; KC-6.2.I.E, KC-6.3.I.B - Topic 6.10 - Development of the Middle Class: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.10; LO 6.H; KC-6.2.I.E, KC-6.3.I.B; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Social Gospel and Settlement Houses: Which reform approach most directly applied religious or social-scientific ideas to urban poverty, housing, education, and public health? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.11; LO 6.I; KC-6.3.I.C, KC-6.3.II.B.ii - Topic 6.11 - Reform in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.11; LO 6.I; KC-6.3.I.C, KC-6.3.II.B.ii; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

African American Reform Strategies: Which comparison best distinguishes accommodation, self-help, protest, migration, and institution-building strategies used by Black leaders and communities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.11; LO 6.I; KC-6.3.I.C, KC-6.3.II.B.ii - Topic 6.11 - Reform in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.11; LO 6.I; KC-6.3.I.C, KC-6.3.II.B.ii; Theme SOC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Government and the Industrial Economy: Which policy best illustrates continuity or change in federal regulation of railroads, corporations, money, or interstate commerce? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.12; LO 6.J; KC-6.1.II.A, KC-6.1.I.E.ii - Topic 6.12 - Controversies over the Role of Government in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.12; LO 6.J; KC-6.1.II.A, KC-6.1.I.E.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Gold, Silver, and Monetary Debate: Which group was most likely to support free silver, and which economic interest best explains that position? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.12; LO 6.J; KC-6.1.II.A, KC-6.1.I.E.ii - Topic 6.12 - Controversies over the Role of Government in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.12; LO 6.J; KC-6.1.II.A, KC-6.1.I.E.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Gilded Age Party Competition: Which issue or voting pattern best distinguishes Republican and Democratic coalitions during the Gilded Age? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.13; LO 6.K; KC-6.1.III.C, KC-6.3.II.A, KC-6.2.I.D - Topic 6.13 - Politics in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.13; LO 6.K; KC-6.1.III.C, KC-6.3.II.A, KC-6.2.I.D; Theme PCE; HTS 3.C; 5.A; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii.

Populism and Agrarian Protest: Which Populist proposal most directly responded to farmers' concerns about debt, transportation rates, currency, or political power? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.13; LO 6.K; KC-6.1.III.C, KC-6.3.II.A, KC-6.2.I.D - Topic 6.13 - Politics in the Gilded Age: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.13; LO 6.K; KC-6.1.III.C, KC-6.3.II.A, KC-6.2.I.D; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Industrialization: Continuity and Change: Which argument best evaluates how industrialization changed the economy, migration, class structure, and government while preserving racial and regional inequalities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 6, Topic 6.14; LO 6.L; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III - Topic 6.14 - Continuity and Change in Period 6: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 6, Topic 6.14; LO 6.L; KC-6.1, KC-6.1.I, KC-6.1.II, KC-6.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Context for a Modern World Power: Which late-19th-century development best establishes the context for U.S. reform, overseas expansion, mass culture, and global involvement from 1890 to 1945? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.1; LO 7.A; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.1 - Contextualizing Period 7: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.1; LO 7.A; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Industrial Society and Global Ambition: Which combination of industrial capacity, frontier change, immigration, urban problems, and international competition best explains the major transformations of Period 7? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.1; LO 7.A; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.1 - Contextualizing Period 7: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.1; LO 7.A; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Arguments for Imperialism: Which source argument most clearly reflects commercial, strategic, racial, religious, or civilizing justifications for overseas expansion? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.2; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.I.A, KC-7.3.I.B - Topic 7.2 - Imperialism: Debates: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.2; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.I.A, KC-7.3.I.B; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.A; RP Causation 2.iv.

Anti-Imperialist Arguments: Which statement best distinguishes anti-imperialist concerns about consent, constitutional rights, race, militarism, and republican traditions? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.2; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.I.A, KC-7.3.I.B - Topic 7.2 - Imperialism: Debates: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.2; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.I.A, KC-7.3.I.B; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire: Which consequence of the Spanish-American War most directly marked the emergence of the United States as an overseas imperial power? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.3; LO 7.C; KC-7.3.I.C - Topic 7.3 - The Spanish-American War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.3; LO 7.C; KC-7.3.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Philippine-American War and Colonial Rule: Which evidence best demonstrates the contradiction between U.S. claims of liberation and the realities of governing newly acquired territories? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.3; LO 7.C; KC-7.3.I.C - Topic 7.3 - The Spanish-American War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.3; LO 7.C; KC-7.3.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.D; RP Comparison 1.iii; Causation 2.v.

Progressive Urban and Social Reform: Which reform most directly addressed unsafe housing, public health, child labor, workplace hazards, or municipal corruption? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B - Topic 7.4 - The Progressives: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Progressive Economic Regulation: Which federal action best illustrates Progressive efforts to regulate corporations, railroads, food, drugs, banking, or natural resources? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B - Topic 7.4 - The Progressives: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Progressive Political Reform: Which reform most directly expanded democratic participation or reduced the influence of party machines and corporate interests? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B - Topic 7.4 - The Progressives: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Limits of Progressivism: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that Progressive reform often excluded or disadvantaged African Americans, immigrants, Native peoples, or women? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B - Topic 7.4 - The Progressives: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.4; LO 7.D; KC-7.1.II.A, KC-7.1.II.D, KC-7.1.II.B; Theme PCE; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.iii.

From Neutrality to World War I: Which event or policy most directly shifted U.S. public opinion or government policy toward entry into World War I? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C - Topic 7.5 - World War I: Military and Diplomacy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Wartime Diplomacy and the Fourteen Points: Which principle in Wilson’s wartime diplomacy most directly reflected progressive internationalism and collective security? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C - Topic 7.5 - World War I: Military and Diplomacy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.B; 3.A; RP Causation 2.iv.

Treaty of Versailles and League Debate: Which comparison best distinguishes arguments for and against U.S. membership in the League of Nations? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C - Topic 7.5 - World War I: Military and Diplomacy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.5; LO 7.F; KC-7.3.II.A, KC-7.3.II.B, KC-7.3.II.C; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

World War I State Power and Civil Liberties: Which wartime action best illustrates the expansion of federal power over the economy, information, dissent, or civil liberties? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.6; LO 7.G; KC-7.2.I.C, KC-7.2.II.A.i, KC-7.2.II.B.i, KC-7.2.II.C - Topic 7.6 - World War I: Home Front: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.6; LO 7.G; KC-7.2.I.C, KC-7.2.II.A.i, KC-7.2.II.B.i, KC-7.2.II.C; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Great Migration and Wartime Social Change: Which cause-and-effect relationship best explains how wartime labor demand accelerated Black migration and transformed northern cities? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.6; LO 7.G; KC-7.2.I.C, KC-7.2.II.A.i, KC-7.2.II.B.i, KC-7.2.II.C - Topic 7.6 - World War I: Home Front: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.6; LO 7.G; KC-7.2.I.C, KC-7.2.II.A.i, KC-7.2.II.B.i, KC-7.2.II.C; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Mass Production and Consumer Culture: Which innovation most directly lowered production costs, expanded consumer goods, and altered patterns of work and consumption in the 1920s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.7; LO 7.H; KC-7.1.I.A, KC-7.2.I.A - Topic 7.7 - 1920s: Innovations in Communication and Technology: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.7; LO 7.H; KC-7.1.I.A, KC-7.2.I.A; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Radio, Film, and National Mass Culture: Which conclusion is best supported by evidence about radio, motion pictures, advertising, or national magazines in the 1920s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.7; LO 7.H; KC-7.1.I.A, KC-7.2.I.A - Topic 7.7 - 1920s: Innovations in Communication and Technology: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.7; LO 7.H; KC-7.1.I.A, KC-7.2.I.A; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Immigration Restriction and Nativism: Which law or movement most directly reflected postwar nativism, racialized immigration policy, or fear of radicalism? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii - Topic 7.8 - 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Harlem Renaissance and the New Negro: Which artistic or intellectual claim best illustrates the Harlem Renaissance's celebration of Black identity and critique of racial inequality? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii - Topic 7.8 - 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii; Theme MIG; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Modernism and Fundamentalism: Which controversy best demonstrates conflict between modern science or urban culture and traditional religious values in the 1920s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii - Topic 7.8 - 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii.

Gender, Prohibition, and Cultural Change: Which development best illustrates changing gender roles, leisure, sexuality, or debates over moral regulation during the 1920s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii - Topic 7.8 - 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.8; LO 7.G; KC-7.1.I.B, KC-7.2.II.A.ii; Theme MIG; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Causes of the Great Depression: Which combination of financial speculation, unequal purchasing power, overproduction, bank weakness, and international instability best explains the Great Depression? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.9 - The Great Depression: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Social and Demographic Effects of Depression: Which evidence best demonstrates how unemployment, migration, family stress, homelessness, or environmental disaster affected Americans during the 1930s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.9 - The Great Depression: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Hoover’s Response: Which statement best explains both the principles behind Hoover’s response and the reasons many Americans judged it insufficient? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.9 - The Great Depression: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.9; LO 7.J; KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.I.C, KC-7.1.III; Theme WXT; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.D; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

New Deal Relief, Recovery, and Reform: Which New Deal program is correctly matched to its primary goal of immediate relief, economic recovery, or structural reform? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii - Topic 7.10 - The New Deal: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Expansion of the Federal Government: Which development best illustrates the New Deal's lasting expansion of federal responsibility for economic security and regulation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii - Topic 7.10 - The New Deal: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

New Deal Critics and Constitutional Conflict: Which criticism best represents opposition from the political left, political right, business groups, or the Supreme Court? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii - Topic 7.10 - The New Deal: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

New Deal Coalition and Limits: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that the New Deal built a durable political coalition while providing unequal benefits across race, gender, occupation, and region? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii - Topic 7.10 - The New Deal: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.10; LO 7.K; KC-7.1.III.A, KC-7.1.III.B, KC-7.1.III.C, KC-7.2.II.B.ii; Theme PCE; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.iii.

Interwar Neutrality and Isolationism: Which policy most directly reflected public resistance to renewed involvement in European wars during the 1920s and 1930s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.11; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.II.D, KC-7.3.II.E - Topic 7.11 - Interwar Foreign Policy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.11; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.II.D, KC-7.3.II.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Good Neighbor Policy and Gradual Internationalism: Which development best illustrates a shift from military intervention in Latin America or neutrality toward greater international engagement before Pearl Harbor? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.11; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.II.D, KC-7.3.II.E - Topic 7.11 - Interwar Foreign Policy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.11; LO 7.B; KC-7.3.II.D, KC-7.3.II.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

World War II Economic Mobilization: Which federal policy or production trend best explains the rapid mobilization of the U.S. economy and the end of mass unemployment? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D - Topic 7.12 - World War II: Mobilization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Wartime Migration and Changing Labor Roles: Which demographic change most directly resulted from defense production and military mobilization during World War II? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D - Topic 7.12 - World War II: Mobilization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Japanese American Incarceration and Civil Liberties: Which explanation best connects wartime fear, racial prejudice, executive power, and the incarceration of Japanese Americans? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D - Topic 7.12 - World War II: Mobilization: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.12; LO 7.L; KC-7.3.III.B, KC-7.3.III.C.i, KC-7.2.II.D; Theme SOC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Allied Strategy and Victory: Which military or industrial factor most directly contributed to Allied victory over the Axis powers? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.13; LO 7.M; KC-7.3.III.A, KC-7.3.III.C.ii, KC-7.3.III.D - Topic 7.13 - World War II: Military: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.13; LO 7.M; KC-7.3.III.A, KC-7.3.III.C.ii, KC-7.3.III.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Atomic Bomb Decision: Which evidence most directly supports or challenges a historical argument about the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.13; LO 7.M; KC-7.3.III.A, KC-7.3.III.C.ii, KC-7.3.III.D - Topic 7.13 - World War II: Military: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.13; LO 7.M; KC-7.3.III.A, KC-7.3.III.C.ii, KC-7.3.III.D; Theme WOR; HTS 3.B-3.D; 6.D; RP Causation 2.v.

Postwar International Institutions: Which institution or agreement best illustrates U.S. efforts to create a more stable postwar political and economic order? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.14; LO 7.N; KC-7.3.III.E - Topic 7.14 - Postwar Diplomacy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.14; LO 7.N; KC-7.3.III.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Origins of the Cold War: Which wartime or immediate postwar disagreement most directly contributed to growing tension between the United States and the Soviet Union? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.14; LO 7.N; KC-7.3.III.E - Topic 7.14 - Postwar Diplomacy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.14; LO 7.N; KC-7.3.III.E; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Comparing Transformations in Period 7: Which argument best compares the relative significance of imperialism, reform, economic crisis, and world war in shaping American society and global power from 1890 to 1945? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 7, Topic 7.15; LO 7.O; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III - Topic 7.15 - Comparison in Period 7: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 7, Topic 7.15; LO 7.O; KC-7.1, KC-7.1.I, KC-7.1.II, KC-7.1.III; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Comparison 1.iii; Causation 2.v.

Context for Postwar Transformation: Which development best establishes the context for Cold War leadership, economic growth, civil rights activism, and social conflict from 1945 to 1980? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.1; LO 8.A; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II - Topic 8.1 - Contextualizing Period 8: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.1; LO 8.A; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Postwar Power and Domestic Expectations: Which combination of wartime mobilization, U.S. global power, demographic change, and New Deal institutions best explains postwar opportunities and tensions? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.1; LO 8.A; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II - Topic 8.1 - Contextualizing Period 8: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.1; LO 8.A; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Containment and Early Cold War Policy: Which policy or institution most directly reflects the strategy of containing Soviet influence through economic, diplomatic, or military means? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C - Topic 8.2 - The Cold War from 1945 to 1980: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Cold War Military Commitments: Which development best demonstrates how containment expanded into military commitments in Europe or Asia? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C - Topic 8.2 - The Cold War from 1945 to 1980: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Arms Race, Space Race, and Détente: Which comparison best explains continuity and change in U.S.-Soviet competition from nuclear buildup and proxy wars to détente and arms-control efforts? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C - Topic 8.2 - The Cold War from 1945 to 1980: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.2; LO 8.B; KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.I.A, KC-8.1.I.B.i, KC-8.1.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Second Red Scare: Which domestic development most directly resulted from fears of communist espionage and ideological subversion after World War II? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.3; LO 8.C; KC-8.1.II.A - Topic 8.3 - The Red Scare: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.3; LO 8.C; KC-8.1.II.A; Theme NAT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

McCarthyism and Civil Liberties: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that anticommunism protected national security concerns while also threatening due process, dissent, or reputation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.3; LO 8.C; KC-8.1.II.A - Topic 8.3 - The Red Scare: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.3; LO 8.C; KC-8.1.II.A; Theme NAT; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.D; RP Causation 2.v.

Sources of Postwar Economic Growth: Which combination of consumer demand, federal spending, technological innovation, union wages, and global economic leadership best explains postwar prosperity? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B - Topic 8.4 - Economy after 1945: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B; Theme WXT; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

GI Bill, Suburbanization, and Homeownership: Which federal policy most directly expanded education and homeownership while contributing to suburban growth and unequal access by race? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B - Topic 8.4 - Economy after 1945: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Baby Boom and Sun Belt Growth: Which demographic or regional trend best illustrates the social effects of postwar prosperity and federal investment? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B - Topic 8.4 - Economy after 1945: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.4; LO 8.D; KC-8.3.I.A, KC-8.3.I.B; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Mass Culture and Conformity: Which source or artifact best illustrates the spread of television, advertising, consumerism, suburban ideals, or a shared national mass culture after 1945? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.5; LO 8.F; KC-8.3.II.A - Topic 8.5 - Culture after 1945: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.5; LO 8.F; KC-8.3.II.A; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.B; 3.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Critiques of Postwar Culture: Which artistic, intellectual, or social critique most directly challenged conformity, consumerism, gender expectations, or racial exclusion? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.5; LO 8.F; KC-8.3.II.A - Topic 8.5 - Culture after 1945: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.5; LO 8.F; KC-8.3.II.A; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Wartime Foundations of Civil Rights Activism: Which World War II-era development most directly helped set the stage for the postwar civil rights movement? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i - Topic 8.6 - Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s and 1950s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Brown v. Board and Federal Courts: Which constitutional principle and historical evidence most directly underpinned the Supreme Court's rejection of school segregation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i - Topic 8.6 - Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s and 1950s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 3.D; RP Causation 2.ii.

Montgomery and Nonviolent Mass Protest: Which feature of the Montgomery Bus Boycott best illustrates the effectiveness of grassroots organization, legal strategy, economic pressure, and nonviolent protest? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i - Topic 8.6 - Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s and 1950s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.6; LO 8.G; KC-8.2.I, KC-8.2.I.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Cold War Interventions and Decolonization: Which explanation best connects decolonization, nationalism, anticommunism, and U.S. intervention in Asia, Latin America, Africa, or the Middle East? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.7; LO 8.H; KC-8.1.I.E, KC-8.1.II.C.i, KC-8.1.I.D.i - Topic 8.7 - America as a World Power: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.7; LO 8.H; KC-8.1.I.E, KC-8.1.II.C.i, KC-8.1.I.D.i; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Escalation in Vietnam: Which sequence of policies and events most accurately explains the expansion of U.S. involvement in Vietnam? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii - Topic 8.8 - The Vietnam War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Vietnam, Public Opinion, and the Credibility Gap: Which evidence best explains why public support for the war declined as military escalation continued? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii - Topic 8.8 - The Vietnam War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.B-3.D; RP Causation 2.ii-2.v.

Executive Power and War-Making: Which development best illustrates debate over presidential authority, congressional oversight, and the conduct of the Vietnam War? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii - Topic 8.8 - The Vietnam War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.8; LO 8.I; KC-8.1.I.B.ii, KC-8.1.I.D.ii, KC-8.1.II.C.ii; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Great Society Programs: Which Great Society program is correctly matched to its principal goal in health care, education, poverty reduction, urban development, or cultural support? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i - Topic 8.9 - The Great Society: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Great Society and Federal Responsibility: Which comparison best explains how the Great Society extended or modified the New Deal's approach to social welfare and economic security? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i - Topic 8.9 - The Great Society: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i; Theme PCE; HTS 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Immigration Reform and Demographic Change: Which effect most directly followed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i - Topic 8.9 - The Great Society: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.9; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.II.C, KC-8.2.III.A, KC-8.2.III.B.i; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Direct Action and Civil Rights Strategy: Which tactic best illustrates the use of sit-ins, freedom rides, boycotts, marches, or voter-registration campaigns to challenge segregation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C - Topic 8.10 - The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Federal Civil Rights Legislation: Which federal law most directly addressed segregation, voting discrimination, employment discrimination, or housing inequality? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C - Topic 8.10 - The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Black Power and Movement Debate: Which comparison best distinguishes integrationist, nonviolent, nationalist, and community-control approaches within the broader African American freedom struggle? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C - Topic 8.10 - The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s): College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.10; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.I.A, KC-8.2.I.C; Theme SOC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.i-1.iii.

Women’s Liberation and Legal Equality: Which demand or legal change most directly reflects the feminist movement’s challenge to discrimination in employment, education, family law, or reproductive autonomy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i - Topic 8.11 - The Civil Rights Movement Expands: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Latino, American Indian, and Asian American Activism: Which movement, organization, or demand is correctly matched to efforts for cultural recognition, land or treaty rights, labor justice, or political representation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i - Topic 8.11 - The Civil Rights Movement Expands: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Comparison 1.i-1.ii.

LGBTQ+ Rights and Expanding Civil Rights Claims: Which development best illustrates how activists extended claims for legal, social, and economic equality to sexual orientation and gender identity? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i - Topic 8.11 - The Civil Rights Movement Expands: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.11; LO 8.L; KC-8.2.II.B, KC-8.2.II.A, KC-8.3.II.B.i; Theme SOC; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Counterculture and Generational Conflict: Which cultural practice or belief best illustrates the counterculture's rejection of conventional authority, consumerism, gender roles, or sexual norms? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.12; LO 8.N; KC-8.1.II.B, KC-8.2.III.D, KC-8.3.II.B.ii - Topic 8.12 - Youth Culture of the 1960s: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.12; LO 8.N; KC-8.1.II.B, KC-8.2.III.D, KC-8.3.II.B.ii; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.B; 3.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Antiwar Movement and the New Left: Which argument or action best reflects youth opposition to the Vietnam War and criticism of liberal institutions or Cold War policy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.12; LO 8.N; KC-8.1.II.B, KC-8.2.III.D, KC-8.3.II.B.ii - Topic 8.12 - Youth Culture of the 1960s: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.12; LO 8.N; KC-8.1.II.B, KC-8.2.III.D, KC-8.3.II.B.ii; Theme ARC; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.C; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Rise of Environmentalism: Which environmental crisis, publication, or grassroots campaign most directly contributed to new federal environmental regulation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.13; LO 8.O; KC-8.1.II.D, KC-8.2.II.D - Topic 8.13 - The Environment and Natural Resources from 1968 to 1980: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.13; LO 8.O; KC-8.1.II.D, KC-8.2.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Energy Crisis and Resource Policy: Which evidence best explains how oil shocks and dependence on foreign energy shaped economic policy, conservation efforts, and debate over natural resources? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.13; LO 8.O; KC-8.1.II.D, KC-8.2.II.D - Topic 8.13 - The Environment and Natural Resources from 1968 to 1980: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.13; LO 8.O; KC-8.1.II.D, KC-8.2.II.D; Theme GEO; HTS 3.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.

Conservative Resurgence and Declining Trust: Which combination of stagflation, foreign-policy crises, political scandal, cultural conflict, and criticism of federal power best explains the conservative resurgence by 1980? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.14; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.III.C, KC-8.2.III.E, KC-8.2.III.F - Topic 8.14 - Society in Transition: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.14; LO 8.J; KC-8.2.III.C, KC-8.2.III.E, KC-8.2.III.F; Theme PCE; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

National Identity, 1945-1980: Which argument best evaluates how Cold War leadership, prosperity, civil rights movements, war, and cultural conflict reshaped American national identity? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 8, Topic 8.15; LO 8.Q; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II - Topic 8.15 - Continuity and Change in Period 8: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 8, Topic 8.15; LO 8.Q; KC-8.1, KC-8.1.I, KC-8.1.II; Theme ALL; HTS 6.A-6.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Context for the Contemporary United States: Which development best establishes the context for conservative politics, globalization, technological change, and new international challenges after 1980? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.1; LO 9.A; KC-9.1, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2, KC-9.2.I, KC-9.2.II - Topic 9.1 - Contextualizing Period 9: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.1; LO 9.A; KC-9.1, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2, KC-9.2.I, KC-9.2.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.A-4.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Late-20th-Century Realignment: Which combination of economic stagnation, cultural conflict, distrust of government, demographic change, and Cold War concerns best explains the political realignment of the 1980s? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.1; LO 9.A; KC-9.1, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2, KC-9.2.I, KC-9.2.II - Topic 9.1 - Contextualizing Period 9: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.1; LO 9.A; KC-9.1, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2, KC-9.2.I, KC-9.2.II; Theme ALL; HTS 4.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.iv; Continuity and Change 3.ii.

Reaganomics and Deregulation: Which policy most directly reflects supply-side tax reduction, deregulation, reduced domestic spending, or a market-oriented conservative agenda? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C - Topic 9.2 - Reagan and Conservatism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Conservative Coalition and Social Issues: Which constituency or issue best illustrates the alliance of economic conservatives, religious conservatives, anticommunists, and opponents of liberal social policy? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C - Topic 9.2 - Reagan and Conservatism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.A; RP Causation 2.ii.

Limits of Conservative Government Reduction: Which evidence best supports the conclusion that conservative leaders altered policy priorities without eliminating popular federal programs or substantially shrinking all areas of government? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C - Topic 9.2 - Reagan and Conservatism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 3.B-3.D; 5.B; RP Continuity and Change 3.ii-3.iii.

Continuing Policy and Culture Debates: Which comparison best explains persistent disagreement over taxation, the social safety net, trade, immigration, gender roles, family structures, or financial regulation? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C - Topic 9.2 - Reagan and Conservatism: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.2; LO 9.B; KC-9.1.I.A, KC-9.1.I.B, KC-9.1.I.C, KC-9.1.I, KC-9.2.II.C; Theme PCE; HTS 3.C; 5.A-5.B; RP Comparison 1.ii-1.iii.

Reagan’s Cold War Strategy: Which policy best illustrates the Reagan administration’s use of military buildup, anticommunist rhetoric, diplomacy, or limited intervention? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C - Topic 9.3 - The End of the Cold War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Causes of the Cold War’s End: Which argument best evaluates the relative importance of U.S. policy, Soviet economic problems, reform movements, diplomacy, and Eastern European political change? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C - Topic 9.3 - The End of the Cold War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 5.B; 6.C-6.D; RP Causation 2.iii-2.v.

Post-Cold War Foreign Policy: Which intervention or diplomatic development best illustrates new opportunities and controversies surrounding U.S. power after the Soviet collapse? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C - Topic 9.3 - The End of the Cold War: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.3; LO 9.C; KC-9.3.I.A, KC-9.3.I.B, KC-9.3.I.C; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

Digital Revolution: Which technological innovation most directly transformed communication, access to information, business organization, or social interaction after 1980? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D - Topic 9.4 - A Changing Economy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D; Theme WXT; HTS 1.A-1.B; RP Causation 2.i-2.ii.

Globalization and Economic Restructuring: Which trend best demonstrates the growth of global economic integration, service employment, deindustrialization, or declining union membership? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D - Topic 9.4 - A Changing Economy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B; 5.A; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.ii.

Inequality and Wage Stagnation: Which data pattern best supports the conclusion that productivity and wealth grew while many working- and middle-class wages stagnated? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D - Topic 9.4 - A Changing Economy: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.4; LO 9.D; KC-9.2.I.A, KC-9.2.I.B, KC-9.2.I.C, KC-9.2.I.D; Theme WXT; HTS 3.B-3.D; RP Continuity and Change 3.i-3.iii.

Sun Belt Population Growth: Which factor most directly explains the continuing political, economic, and cultural influence of the South and West after 1980? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.5; LO 9.E; KC-9.2.II.A, KC-9.2.II.B - Topic 9.5 - Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.5; LO 9.E; KC-9.2.II.A, KC-9.2.II.B; Theme MIG; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii.

Immigration from Latin America and Asia: Which consequence best explains how post-1980 immigration altered the labor force, cities, culture, and political debate? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026; Unit 9, Topic 9.5; LO 9.E; KC-9.2.II.A, KC-9.2.II.B; Topic 9.5 - Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s.

September 11 and the War on Terror: Which sequence of events and policies best explains the U.S. response to the attacks of September 11, 2001? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D - Topic 9.6 - Challenges of the 21st Century: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.A-1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iii.

National Security and Civil Liberties: Which source-based conclusion best explains the tension between counterterrorism policies and protections for privacy, due process, civil liberties, or human rights? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D - Topic 9.6 - Challenges of the 21st Century: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 2.A-2.C; 3.D; RP Causation 2.v.

Energy, Climate, and Global Leadership: Which debate best connects Middle Eastern conflict, fossil-fuel dependence, climate concerns, economic consumption, and the continued global role of the United States? Aligned to College Board AP U.S. History Course and Exam Description, Effective Fall 2026 Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D - Topic 9.6 - Challenges of the 21st Century: College Board AP U.S. History CED, Effective Fall 2026: Unit 9, Topic 9.6; LO 9.F; KC-9.3.II.A, KC-9.3.II.B, KC-9.3.II.C, KC-9.3.II.D; Theme WOR; HTS 1.B; 5.B; RP Causation 2.ii-2.iv.