Read the draft passage. [1] Students submitted capstone papers directly to instructors. Many discovered unclear claims only after receiving a final grade. [2] The sentence should make the logical connection explicit without suggesting contrast. [3] The writer is revising these two sentences: Students revised unclear arguments sooner. The university required peer review before capstone submission. The order and wording may be adjusted if the original meaning is preserved. Which revision is clearest and most logical for the cause-and-effect relationship in the university capstone course passage?