Observations, Cases, and Variables: Select the option that correctly identifies the observational units, cases, variables, and recorded values in a data set. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Categorical and Quantitative Data: Classify variables as categorical or quantitative and choose the analysis or display that is appropriate for each type. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Discrete and Continuous Quantities: Determine whether a quantitative variable is discrete or continuous and identify the implications for counting, measurement, and interpretation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Units and Measurement Scales: Choose the interpretation that respects units, scale, precision, and whether values represent counts, rates, percentages, currency, time, or indexed quantities. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Population, Sample, Parameter, and Statistic: Identify which group is the population, which observations form the sample, and whether a reported value is a parameter or sample statistic. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Definitions, Labels, and Metadata: Select the conclusion that uses variable definitions, category labels, data notes, and metadata exactly as stated rather than relying on everyday assumptions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Time Windows and Cohort Alignment: Choose the comparison that aligns reporting periods, fiscal years, rolling windows, cohorts, and start or end dates correctly. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Granularity and Aggregation: Determine whether data are recorded at the transaction, person, product, region, or summary level and identify conclusions that aggregation can or cannot support. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Relevant and Irrelevant Information: Select the source, field, or fact that is necessary to answer the question and disregard information that does not affect the decision. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Fact, Inference, and Assumption: Distinguish statements directly supported by the data from reasonable inferences and unsupported assumptions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Completeness and Missing Values: Choose the interpretation that correctly handles blanks, unavailable values, suppressed cells, incomplete periods, and unknown observations. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Accuracy, Consistency, and Timeliness: Identify which data-quality issue - accuracy, consistency, currency, or comparability - most limits a proposed conclusion. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Duplicates, Entry Errors, and Anomalies: Select the best explanation or correction when repeated records, impossible values, inconsistent formats, or anomalous observations distort a result.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Source Credibility and Incentives: Evaluate which source is most credible by considering methods, expertise, independence, incentives, transparency, and proximity to the underlying data. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Sampling, Selection, Survivorship, and Reporting Bias: Identify the bias that arises from who was included, who responded, who remained observable, or which outcomes were reported. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Correlation, Causation, and Confounding: Choose the statement that accurately distinguishes association from causation and recognizes plausible confounding or reverse-causation explanations. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 - Data Literacy, Sources, and Decision Quality Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Signed Numbers and Order of Operations: Select the correct value of a numerical expression involving positive and negative numbers, grouping symbols, powers, and the standard order of operations. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Fraction Meaning and Comparison: Choose the fraction comparison or representation that correctly relates parts, wholes, ratios, and positions on the number line.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Fraction Operations: Determine the correct result of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing fractions in a data or business context. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Decimals and Place Value: Select the accurate decimal calculation or comparison while preserving place value and required precision. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Rounding and Significant Precision: Choose the rounded or reported value that is appropriate for the stated unit, scale, or business decision. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Fraction-Decimal-Percent Conversion: Identify equivalent fractional, decimal, and percentage representations and use the most efficient form for the task. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Percent of a Quantity: Select the calculation that finds a given percentage of a base quantity, including percentages above 100 percent or below 1 percent. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Reverse Percent Problems: Determine the original base, whole, or reference value when a percentage and resulting amount are known. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Percent Increase and Decrease: Choose the correct percentage change by using the original value as the denominator and interpreting the sign of the change. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Successive Percentage Changes: Select the net effect of consecutive increases or decreases without incorrectly adding percentage rates. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Percentage Points versus Percent Change: Identify whether a comparison should be expressed as a difference in percentage points or as a relative percent change. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Ratios and Equivalent Ratios: Choose the ratio that correctly compares quantities in the requested order and identify equivalent forms. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Part-to-Part and Part-to-Whole Reasoning: Determine whether a stated ratio compares components with one another or a component with the total, and calculate the requested quantity. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Proportions and Scaling: Select the valid proportion or scale factor that connects corresponding quantities. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Direct Variation: Choose the prediction or equation that reflects a quantity changing in constant proportion to another quantity. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Inverse Variation: Select the relationship that correctly models one quantity decreasing in reciprocal proportion as another increases. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Unit Rates: Determine the rate per one unit and use it to compare prices, productivity, consumption, or performance. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Average Rates: Choose the correct overall rate by dividing total output or distance by total input or time rather than averaging component rates blindly. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Combined Rates: Select the result when multiple agents, machines, streams, or processes operate together or in opposition. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Distance-Rate-Time Relationships: Determine which distance, rate, or time value follows from the relationship among the three quantities, including multi-leg trips. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Work-Rate Problems: Choose the completion time or contribution rate when workers or machines perform parts of a task at different speeds. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Weighted Averages: Select the average that correctly weights each value by its frequency, quantity, duration, or financial importance. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Mixtures and Concentrations: Determine the concentration, component amount, or blend ratio after substances or categories are combined. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Unit Conversion and Dimensional Analysis: Choose the conversion path that cancels units correctly across measurement systems, currencies, time periods, or compound rates. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Scale Factors and Indexed Values: Choose the interpretation that correctly relates scale drawings, normalized metrics, or index values to a stated baseline. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Estimation, Bounds, and Approximation: Select a defensible estimate or numerical bound and use it to eliminate choices without sacrificing needed accuracy. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Absolute and Relative Difference: Choose whether an absolute gap, percentage gap, relative error, or ratio best describes the difference between values. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Integer Properties, Factors, Multiples, and Remainders: Identify conclusions supported by parity, divisibility, prime factorization, common factors, common multiples, and remainder patterns. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Arithmetic, Rates, and Quantitative Foundations Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSN-RN; HSA-CED; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Translate Verbal Conditions into Algebra: Select the expression, equation, inequality, or system that faithfully represents the relationships stated in words. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Simplify Algebraic Expressions: Choose the equivalent simplified expression by combining like terms, applying distributive properties, and respecting restrictions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Solve Linear Equations: Determine the value that satisfies a one-variable linear equation, including equations with fractions or variables on both sides. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Rearrange Formulas: Select the formula that correctly isolates a requested variable while preserving all relationships and units. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Solve Linear Inequalities: Choose the solution set of a linear inequality and reverse the inequality sign when required by multiplication or division by a negative value. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Compound Inequalities and Intervals: Identify the values satisfying joined or alternative inequality conditions and interpret inclusive and exclusive endpoints. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Systems of Linear Equations: Select the ordered pair or business interpretation that satisfies two linear relationships simultaneously. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Systems of Inequalities and Feasible Regions: Determine which values satisfy multiple constraints and identify feasible or infeasible choices. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Absolute Value Relationships: Choose the values or interval that satisfy an absolute-value equation or inequality interpreted as distance from a reference point. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Exponent Laws: Select the equivalent form of an expression using products, quotients, powers, zero exponents, and negative exponents. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Radicals and Rational Exponents: Choose the equivalent radical or exponent form and simplify expressions while respecting nonnegative and domain conditions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Factoring and Simple Quadratics: Identify factors, roots, or solution sets of a simple quadratic relationship when the structure is relevant to a data problem. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Rational Expressions and Restrictions: Select the valid simplification or solution while excluding values that make a denominator zero. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Function Notation and Evaluation: Determine the output, input, or composed value represented by function notation, tables, or stated rules. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Linear Functions, Slope, and Intercept: Choose the interpretation of slope and intercept in context and connect constant rate of change to a linear equation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Translate among Tables, Graphs, and Equations: Select the representation that describes the same quantitative relationship across a data table, graph, verbal rule, and equation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Piecewise and Tiered Rules: Determine the correct output for pricing tiers, tax brackets, commissions, thresholds, or other piecewise-defined relationships. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Exponential Models, Domains, and Sensitivity: Choose the growth or decay model that fits a situation and identify how domain restrictions or assumption changes affect the prediction. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7 - Algebra, Functions, and Quantitative Modeling Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C3, C4, C7; Question Types: DS, GI, TPA, MSR; CCSS HSA-SSE; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; SMP 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Frequency and Relative Frequency: Select the count, proportion, or percentage associated with a category and distinguish raw frequency from relative frequency. Aligned to the GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies; CCSS HSS-ID, HSS-IC, HSS-CP, HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; and ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Two-Way Frequency Tables: Determine joint, marginal, and conditional frequencies from a two-way table and compare groups using appropriate denominators. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Arithmetic Mean: Choose the mean of a data set or infer a missing total or value from a stated mean.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5..

Median and Mode: Identify the median and mode and choose which measure is most informative for the distribution and decision context. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Weighted Mean and Combined Mean: Determine a combined or weighted mean from group sizes, frequencies, or unequal contributions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Range and Interquartile Range: Select the measure of spread requested and interpret how the full range and middle-half spread differ. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Variance and Standard Deviation: Choose the interpretation that correctly compares variability or consistency using variance or standard deviation without confusing spread with center. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Quartiles and Percentiles: Determine the relative position of an observation and interpret quartile or percentile statements accurately. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Distribution Shape and Skew: Identify symmetric, left-skewed, right-skewed, unimodal, or multimodal patterns and connect shape to mean-median relationships. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Outliers and Influential Values: Choose how an extreme observation affects center, spread, trend, and the reliability of a conclusion. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Compare Distributions: Select the comparison that accounts for differences in center, variability, shape, sample size, and unusual features. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Normal Distributions and Standardized Position: Determine approximate proportions or relative standing under a normal model and recognize when such a model is inappropriate. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Sampling Frames and Sampling Methods: Identify simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, or voluntary-response sampling and evaluate coverage. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Sampling Bias and Nonresponse: Choose the most likely direction or consequence of undercoverage, self-selection, nonresponse, or leading collection procedures. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Observational Studies versus Experiments: Distinguish observational evidence from experimental evidence and identify the type of conclusion each design can support. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Randomization, Control, and Confounding: Select the design feature that best reduces confounding and supports a fair treatment comparison. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Margin of Error and Confidence: Choose the accurate interpretation of a confidence interval or margin of error and identify how sample size affects precision. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Statistical and Practical Significance: Determine whether a reported difference is meaningfully large for the decision, merely detectable, or unsupported by the information given. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Direction and Strength of Association: Identify positive, negative, weak, strong, nonlinear, or absent association between variables. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Causal Claims and Alternative Explanations: Select the conclusion that avoids overstating causation and considers confounding, selection, measurement, and reverse-direction explanations. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Linear Models: Slope and Intercept: Choose the contextual meaning of a fitted line’s slope and intercept and calculate a model-based prediction. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Residuals, Fit, and Extrapolation: Determine whether a model overpredicts or underpredicts an observation, judge fit, and identify risky extrapolation beyond observed data. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Sample Spaces and Events: Select the complete sample space or correctly defined event for a probability situation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Complements and Addition Rules: Determine probabilities using complements, unions, intersections, and the distinction between mutually exclusive and overlapping events. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Multiplication Rules and Independence: Choose the correct probability of a sequence or joint event and determine whether events are independent.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5..

Conditional Probability and Base Rates: Select the conditional probability that uses the correct restricted denominator and avoid reversing the condition. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Counting Principles: Determine the number of possible outcomes using the fundamental counting principle, permutations, combinations, or complementary counting. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Expected Value, Odds, and Risk: Choose the expected outcome or risk-adjusted decision by weighting possible results by their probabilities. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7 - Statistics, Probability, and Data Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSS-CP; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Data Sufficiency Answer-Choice Logic: Select the standard answer choice that correctly represents whether statement (1), statement (2), both together, either alone, or neither set of data is sufficient. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE 1), statement (2), both together, either alone, or neither set of data is sufficient. (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to 1), statement (2), both together, either alone, or neither set of data is sufficient. (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Identify the Exact Target: Choose the reformulation that makes clear whether the prompt asks for a value, a comparison, a count, a range, or a yes-or-no determination. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Value Questions versus Yes-or-No Questions: Determine what counts as sufficient evidence when a unique numerical value is required versus when a definitive yes or no is required. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Test Statement (1) Alone: Select the correct sufficiency judgment for statement (1) alone. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; 1) using only the stem and statement (1). (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to 1) using only the stem and statement (1). (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Test Statement (2) Alone: Select the correct sufficiency judgment for statement. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE 2) using only the stem and statement (2). (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to 2) using only the stem and statement (2). (GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5..

Combine Statements Correctly: Determine whether statements that are individually insufficient become sufficient when used together. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Preserve Statement Independence: Identify and avoid reasoning that improperly carries information from one statement into the evaluation of the other statement alone. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Judge Sufficiency without Full Calculation: Choose the earliest point at which uniqueness or definiteness is established, even when the final value is not computed. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Unique Value, Finite Set, and Range: Determine whether the available conditions yield exactly one answer or leave multiple valid possibilities. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Boundary Cases and Counterexamples: Select a pair of valid cases that produce different answers and therefore prove insufficiency. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Smart Number Testing: Choose values that satisfy all conditions and efficiently expose whether more than one outcome remains possible. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Positive, Negative, Zero, and Integer Cases: Test sign, zero, parity, integer, and noninteger possibilities before declaring a statement sufficient. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Divisibility and Remainder Sufficiency: Determine whether factor, multiple, prime, parity, or remainder information uniquely answers the target. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Fraction, Ratio, and Percent Sufficiency: Judge whether proportional information fixes the needed total, component, rate, or base value. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Expression and Equation Sufficiency: Determine whether an algebraic relation uniquely identifies the requested variable or expression. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

System-of-Equations Sufficiency: Choose whether the number and independence of equations are adequate for the requested quantity, including cases where the target can be found without solving every variable. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Inequality and Absolute-Value Sufficiency: Determine whether bounds, signs, or distances restrict the target enough to produce a definitive answer. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Function and Sequence Sufficiency: Judge whether a rule, initial condition, pattern, or functional relationship uniquely determines the requested term or output. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Rate, Work, and Mixture Sufficiency: Choose whether the given rates, times, totals, or concentrations are enough to determine the requested quantity. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Set and Overlap Sufficiency: Determine whether totals, intersections, complements, and exclusivity conditions fix the requested membership count. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Statistical Sufficiency: Judge whether information about center, spread, sample size, distribution, or individual values uniquely resolves a statistical target. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Probability and Counting Sufficiency: Determine whether event relationships, sample-space size, or counting conditions are enough to calculate the requested probability or count. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Table and Graph Sufficiency: Choose whether a table, chart, or trend supplies enough exact information, considering scales, intervals, rounding, and hidden values. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Data Sufficiency Timing and Trap Control: Select the most efficient evaluation order and avoid common traps involving hidden assumptions, premature calculation, and incorrect answer-choice translation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8 - Data Sufficiency Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C3, C4, C5, C8; Question Types: DS; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-ID; HSS-CP; SMP 1, 2, 3, 6, 7; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Table Structure, Headers, Units, and Notes: Select the interpretation that correctly uses row labels, column definitions, units, footnotes, abbreviations, and missing-value conventions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Sort Ascending and Descending: Choose the record, rank, or comparison revealed by sorting the correct column in the required direction. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Filter by a Single Criterion: Identify all rows that satisfy one categorical or numerical condition. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Filter by Multiple Criteria: Determine which records satisfy combined AND, OR, NOT, threshold, and range conditions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Exact Matches, Ranges, and Endpoints: Select rows based on exact values or intervals while handling inclusive and exclusive limits correctly. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Rankings, Ties, and Top-or-Bottom Groups: Choose the correct rank or group when values tie or when the prompt requests a specified number or percentage of records. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Totals, Subtotals, and Aggregation: Determine sums or summaries for the correct subset without double-counting or mixing levels of aggregation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Ratios, Rates, and Shares from Tables: Select the comparison that uses the correct numerator, denominator, and units from table entries. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Percent Change and Indexed Comparisons: Determine growth, decline, percentage-point change, or index movement across rows or periods. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Weighted Averages from Table Data: Choose the correctly weighted mean using frequencies, quantities, or durations supplied in the table.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5..

Conditional Counts and Frequencies: Determine how many records satisfy a condition and calculate conditional proportions using the filtered group as the denominator. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Grouped and Cross-Classified Categories: Select the correct conclusion when records must be aggregated across nested categories, regions, products, or time periods. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Missing Values, Duplicates, and Anomalies in Tables: Identify how incomplete, repeated, or inconsistent entries affect a stated result. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Time-Series and Cohort Comparisons: Choose comparisons that align the same periods, cohorts, units, and definitions before calculating change. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Statement Classification: Judge each statement independently as yes or no, true or false, or supported or not supported by the table. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Table Verification and Time Management: Select an efficient sequence of sorting, filtering, calculating, and rechecking that minimizes rereading and prevents one statement from contaminating another. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Table Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: TA; CCSS HSS-ID; HSS-IC; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Axes, Labels, Units, and Legends: Select the interpretation that correctly identifies plotted variables, units, categories, series, and legend mappings. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Scale Intervals and Interpolation: Determine a value between labeled marks by reading interval size and estimating only to the precision supported by the graphic. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Truncated and Nonzero Axes: Choose the comparison that accounts for a shortened axis and avoids exaggerating visual differences. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Linear and Logarithmic Scales: Identify the scale type and select the conclusion that correctly interprets equal additive versus multiplicative spacing. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Bar and Column Charts: Determine exact or comparative values from grouped, clustered, horizontal, or vertical bars.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5..

Stacked and 100-Percent Stacked Bars: Choose the correct total, component, or composition comparison from stacked displays. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Line and Time-Series Graphs: Select the statement that accurately describes levels, changes, turning points, volatility, and trends over time. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Multiple-Series and Combination Charts: Determine relationships among several plotted series while keeping symbols, axes, and units aligned. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Scatterplots: Identify direction, form, strength, clusters, gaps, and outliers in a relationship between two quantitative variables. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Trend Lines and Model-Based Inference: Choose a fitted-value estimate or contextual interpretation of slope while distinguishing trend from exact observation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Bubble Charts and Size Encodings: Determine how horizontal position, vertical position, bubble size, and category encode different variables. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Pie and Donut Charts: Select the correct part-to-whole percentage, angle, or comparative conclusion and recognize when totals differ across charts. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Histograms: Choose the correct interpretation of bin intervals, frequency or density, shape, center, spread, and gaps. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Box-and-Whisker Plots: Determine medians, quartiles, interquartile ranges, ranges, overlap, and possible outliers from box plots. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Distribution Curves: Select conclusions about center, spread, skew, tails, relative frequency, or approximate area from a statistical distribution curve. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Area, Stacked-Area, and Waterfall Charts: Determine cumulative change, components of a total, or net movement without confusing area with height. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Error Bars and Confidence Bands: Choose the conclusion supported by uncertainty intervals and avoid treating overlap or nonoverlap as more decisive than the graphic permits. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Heat Maps, Matrices, and Geographic Displays: Identify patterns from color or intensity scales while accounting for category definitions, geographic area, and normalization. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Dual Axes, Mixed Units, and Visual Distortion: Select the valid comparison when two scales or units are used and recognize visual choices that can mislead. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Drop-Down Completion and Graphics Timing: Choose the option that most accurately completes each statement after integrating the graphic, accompanying text, units, and answer-menu wording. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8 - Graphics Interpretation Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C8; Question Types: GI; CCSS HSS-ID; HSF-IF; HSN-Q; RI.11-12.7; SMP 2, 4, 5, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Map Tabs and Source Types: Select the source map that correctly identifies what each tab, passage, table, chart, email, memo, or data note contributes. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Question-First Selective Reading: Choose the reading path that uses the task to locate relevant tabs and avoids unnecessary line-by-line review. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Locate the Controlling Source: Identify which source contains the definition, rule, constraint, or value that governs the question. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Synthesize Text, Tables, and Graphics: Select the conclusion that combines information across formats without omitting a necessary source. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Align Definitions, Units, and Time Frames: Choose the comparison that reconciles differing labels, currencies, measurement units, dates, or reporting periods across sources. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Claims, Evidence, and Opinion: Distinguish a source's claim or recommendation from the evidence offered and from unsupported opinion. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Reconcile Discrepant Values: Select the explanation that resolves different reported values through scope, timing, rounding, definitions, or data revisions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Resolve Apparent Contradictions: Determine whether two statements truly conflict or can both be correct under different conditions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Timeline and Sequence Reasoning: Choose the chronology or causal sequence supported by dated events, stages, or version histories across sources. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Cross-Source Calculation: Determine a requested value by combining quantities, rates, or conditions located in more than one source. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Infer Implications across Sources: Select an inference that follows only after connecting a fact from one source with a rule or pattern from another. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Source Credibility and Limitations: Choose which source should receive the greatest weight for a specific question and identify methodological limitations. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Conditional Logic across Sources: Determine what follows when rules, exceptions, thresholds, and scenario conditions are distributed among several sources. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Yes-No and True-False Classification: Judge each statement independently using only the source set and the exact condition in the prompt. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Linked Questions from a Shared Source Set: Select an efficient strategy for reusing a source map while treating each linked question as a separate decision. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Update Conclusions and Manage Time: Choose how a new source, revised figure, or changed assumption should alter the conclusion while maintaining a disciplined time limit. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8 - Multi-Source Reasoning Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8; Question Types: MSR; CCSS RI.11-12.1, 3, 7, 8, 9; HSS-ID; SMP 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Two-Column Grid and Response Requirements: Identify what each response column asks and select one option for each column without assuming the choices must differ. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Independent and Dependent Tasks: Determine whether the two requested results can be solved separately or must be solved jointly. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Same Option in Both Columns: Recognize when one answer choice legitimately satisfies both parts and avoid forcing distinct selections. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Paired Algebraic Relationships: Select two values or expressions that jointly satisfy a stated algebraic relationship. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Simultaneous Equations: Determine the pair of values that solves a system and map each value to the correct response column. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Inequalities and Feasible Pairs: Choose a pair that satisfies all ranges, ordering rules, resource limits, or threshold conditions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Rate and Ratio Pairs: Select two related rates, shares, or quantities whose ratio or combined effect meets the prompt. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Set and Probability Pairs: Determine two counts, probabilities, or event relationships that are jointly consistent with the given information.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Optimization and Trade-Offs: Choose the pair that best meets an objective while respecting cost, capacity, time, risk, or quality constraints. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Ranking and Matching: Select the two placements, categories, or matches that satisfy ordering and compatibility rules. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Premise, Evidence, and Conclusion Pairs: Choose the statement serving one argumentative role and the statement serving the complementary role requested. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Plan, Effect, Strengthener, and Weakener Pairs: Select two options that correctly evaluate different parts of a proposed action or argument. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Quantitative-Verbal Hybrid Analysis: Determine a numerical result and a verbal implication that are mutually consistent with the same evidence. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Joint Validation and Timing: Choose the final pair only after checking each selection individually and together, while avoiding repeated full recalculation. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8 - Two-Part Analysis Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C2, C3, C4, C5, C7, C8; Question Types: TPA; CCSS HSA-CED; HSA-REI; HSF-IF; HSS-CP; RI.11-12.8; SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.5.

Revenue, Cost, and Profit: Select the correct revenue, total cost, unit cost, fixed cost, variable cost, or profit calculation from the definitions provided. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Margins, Markups, and Discounts: Determine gross margin, profit margin, markup on cost, discount from list price, or net selling price using the correct base. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Break-Even and Contribution: Choose the sales volume, price, or contribution level at which revenue covers relevant costs. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Price-Volume-Mix Effects: Select the explanation or calculation that separates the effects of changes in price, quantity, and product mix.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5..

Budgets and Variance Analysis: Determine favorable or unfavorable differences between actual and budgeted amounts while keeping sign conventions and bases consistent. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Cash Flow and Interest: Choose the correct net cash movement or interest outcome from timing, rate, principal, inflow, and outflow information supplied in the prompt. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Return on Investment and Payback: Select the ROI, return multiple, or payback comparison supported by stated costs and benefits. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Growth Rates, CAGR, and Indexed Performance: Determine period-over-period growth, compound annual growth, or relative performance against a baseline index. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Market Share and Competitive Comparison: Choose the correct share, share change, rank, or competitive conclusion using the appropriate market total and time period. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Customer Acquisition, Conversion, Retention, and Churn: Determine funnel rates, acquisition cost, repeat behavior, retention, or churn using clearly defined cohorts and denominators. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Inventory Turnover and Stock Flow: Select the correct interpretation of inventory movement, turnover, days on hand, replenishment, or stockout risk from the data provided. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Capacity, Utilization, and Bottlenecks: Determine effective capacity, utilization, idle capacity, throughput, or the process stage limiting total output. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Productivity, Yield, Defect, and Quality Rates: Choose the correct output-per-input, acceptable-yield, defect-rate, rework, or quality comparison. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Staffing, Scheduling, and Resource Allocation: Select the allocation of people, hours, machines, or budget that satisfies demand and operational constraints. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Supply, Demand, and Pricing Scenarios: Choose the conclusion supported by stated supply, demand, price, elasticity, or inventory conditions without importing outside economics knowledge. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Exchange Rates, Inflation, and Purchasing Power: Determine converted values or real-versus-nominal changes using the rates and indexes supplied. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Expected Value and Scenario Risk: Select the decision with the most appropriate probability-weighted outcome or risk profile under the stated objective. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Forecasting, Sensitivity, and Decision Thresholds: Choose how a forecast or recommendation changes when a key assumption, driver, threshold, or scenario is varied. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 - Applied Business Analytics and Decision Contexts Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C5, C7; Question Types: ALL; CCSS HSN-Q; HSA-CED; HSF-IF; HSF-LE; HSS-ID; HSS-MD; SMP 2, 4, 6; GAISE II: Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.3, 1.5.

Multi-Step Mixed-Source Reasoning: Select the correct answer to a problem that requires several linked operations across quantitative, verbal, tabular, and graphical evidence.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5..

Unit, Base, and Denominator Audit: Identify the option that remains valid after checking units, time basis, population, cohort, currency, and denominator at every step. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Estimation and Answer-Choice Elimination: Choose the fastest defensible route to eliminate implausible options through magnitude, sign, bounds, and benchmark values. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Backsolving and Answer Testing: Determine when substituting answer choices into the conditions is more efficient than deriving a solution directly. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Edge Cases and Stress Testing: Select the boundary, extreme, or alternative case that tests whether a proposed rule or conclusion always holds. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Reasonableness and Internal Consistency: Choose the result that is consistent with source totals, units, signs, trends, constraints, and realistic magnitude. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Trap Recognition: Identify distractors built from reversed comparisons, wrong bases, unit mismatches, scope shifts, overclaimed causation, hidden averages, or premature rounding. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Confidence Calibration and Strategic Guessing: Select the response process that balances evidence, elimination, time remaining, and uncertainty without leaving an item unanswered. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE; GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Timed Sets and Checkpoint Recovery: Choose the best pacing adjustment after falling ahead of or behind schedule while preserving accuracy on remaining questions. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Review/Edit Optimization: Determine which bookmarked answers are most likely to benefit from review and which should remain unchanged to protect time. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Error Logs and Targeted Remediation: Select the most useful diagnosis and follow-up practice based on whether an error came from content, interpretation, process, calculation, pacing, or answer-entry execution. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5.

Full-Section Simulation and Mastery Readiness: Choose the evidence that demonstrates readiness through complete timed sections, stable accuracy across all five question types, controlled pacing, and successful post-test analysis.. Aligned to GMAT Data Insights competency crosswalk with CCSS Mathematics/ELA, GAISE II, and ISTE GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 - Advanced Integration, Review, and Mastery Data Insights Competencies: Aligned to GMAT-DI C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; Question Types: ALL; CCSS SMP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; RI.11-12.1, 7, 8; GAISE II: Question, Consider Data, Analyze, Interpret; ISTE 1.1, 1.3, 1.5..

Current GMAT Structure and Section Purposes: Which description best identifies the purpose of Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights and distinguishes the reasoning each section is designed to measure?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.01 - Current GMAT Structure and Section Purposes: Which description best identifies the purpose of Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights and distinguishes the reasoning each section is designed to measure? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.01; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Section Timing and Question Counts: Select the accurate section-by-section timing and question-count plan and use it to determine a sustainable average pace without treating every item as equally time-consuming. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.02 - Section Timing and Question Counts: Select the accurate section-by-section timing and question-count plan and use it to determine a sustainable average pace without treating every item as equally time-consuming. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.02; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Section Order Selection: Which section order best matches a test taker's energy pattern, strongest section, pacing history, and preferred confidence-building sequence? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.03 - Section Order Selection: Which section order best matches a test taker's energy pattern, strongest section, pacing history, and preferred confidence-building sequence? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.03; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Optional Break Placement: Choose the break placement that best supports concentration, hydration, and stamina while minimizing disruption to the selected section order. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.04 - Optional Break Placement: Choose the break placement that best supports concentration, hydration, and stamina while minimizing disruption to the selected section order. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.04; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Question Review and Edit Rules: Which strategy correctly applies bookmarking, end-of-section review, and the limit on answer changes without sacrificing completion of every question?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.05 - Question Review and Edit Rules: Which strategy correctly applies bookmarking, end-of-section review, and the limit on answer changes without sacrificing completion of every question? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.05; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Calculator and Interface Rules: Select the option that correctly distinguishes when the on-screen calculator is available and how to use menus, tables, tabs, and scratch work efficiently. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.06 - Calculator and Interface Rules: Select the option that correctly distinguishes when the on-screen calculator is available and how to use menus, tables, tabs, and scratch work efficiently. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.06; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Baseline Diagnostic and Score Profile: Which interpretation best uses a full diagnostic to identify section strengths, content gaps, pacing problems, and accuracy patterns rather than relying only on the total score?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.07 - Baseline Diagnostic and Score Profile: Which interpretation best uses a full diagnostic to identify section strengths, content gaps, pacing problems, and accuracy patterns rather than relying only on the total score? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.07; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Target Score and Subscore Goals: Choose the most realistic target-score plan based on program goals, current performance, available study time, and balanced improvement across all three equally weighted sections. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.08 - Target Score and Subscore Goals: Choose the most realistic target-score plan based on program goals, current performance, available study time, and balanced improvement across all three equally weighted sections. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.08; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Study Calendar and Milestones: Which study schedule best sequences concept learning, focused practice, mixed review, timed sections, and full simulations while protecting time for remediation?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.09 - Study Calendar and Milestones: Which study schedule best sequences concept learning, focused practice, mixed review, timed sections, and full simulations while protecting time for remediation? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.09; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Spaced Review and Retrieval Practice: Select the review schedule that best revisits skills at expanding intervals and requires active recall rather than passive rereading. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.10 - Spaced Review and Retrieval Practice: Select the review schedule that best revisits skills at expanding intervals and requires active recall rather than passive rereading. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.10; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Error Log and Root-Cause Classification: Which error-log entry most accurately classifies a miss as a content gap, reasoning error, reading error, execution error, timing decision, or careless mistake and assigns a corrective action? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.11 - Error Log and Root-Cause Classification: Which error-log entry most accurately classifies a miss as a content gap, reasoning error, reading error, execution error, timing decision, or careless mistake and assigns a corrective action? Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.11; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Mastery Gates and Test-Readiness Criteria: Choose the evidence set that best demonstrates readiness: stable timed accuracy, controlled pacing, declining repeat errors, full-length endurance, and a score range consistent with the goal. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment OR.12 - Mastery Gates and Test-Readiness Criteria: Choose the evidence set that best demonstrates readiness: stable timed accuracy, controlled pacing, declining repeat errors, full-length endurance, and a score range consistent with the goal. Alignment: GMAT: Exam Structure and Features; PGMAT: OR.12; Supporting Crosswalk: ISTE 1.1 Empowered Learner.

Prompt and Task-Stem Identification: Which paraphrase best states exactly what the question asks, including whether the task is to find a value, test sufficiency, infer a claim, or evaluate an argument?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.01 - Prompt and Task-Stem Identification: Which paraphrase best states exactly what the question asks, including whether the task is to find a value, test sufficiency, infer a claim, or evaluate an argument? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1..

Constraint and Condition Extraction: Select the option that captures every relevant restriction, qualifier, unit, range, and exception before solution work begins. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.02 - Constraint and Condition Extraction: Select the option that captures every relevant restriction, qualifier, unit, range, and exception before solution work begins. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Translating Words into Representations: Which representation - equation, table, diagram, list, passage map, or argument core - most efficiently preserves the relationships in the prompt?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.03 - Translating Words into Representations: Which representation - equation, table, diagram, list, passage map, or argument core - most efficiently preserves the relationships in the prompt? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Estimation Before Exact Work: Choose the estimate or expected range that best predicts the answer's sign, size, or direction before detailed calculation or close reading. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.04 - Estimation Before Exact Work: Choose the estimate or expected range that best predicts the answer's sign, size, or direction before detailed calculation or close reading. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Answer-Choice Backsolving: Which answer-choice testing order and substitution method best solves a problem more efficiently than deriving the answer from scratch?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.05 - Answer-Choice Backsolving: Which answer-choice testing order and substitution method best solves a problem more efficiently than deriving the answer from scratch? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1..

Plugging In Strategic Numbers: Select values that satisfy all stated constraints, simplify the relationships, and expose how the answer choices behave without creating accidental special cases. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.06 - Plugging In Strategic Numbers: Select values that satisfy all stated constraints, simplify the relationships, and expose how the answer choices behave without creating accidental special cases. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.06; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Testing Boundary and Extreme Cases: Which boundary, zero case, sign case, or extreme scenario most effectively tests whether a proposed rule or answer must always hold?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.07 - Testing Boundary and Extreme Cases: Which boundary, zero case, sign case, or extreme scenario most effectively tests whether a proposed rule or answer must always hold? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.07; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Searching for Counterexamples: Choose the counterexample that disproves an overly broad quantitative or verbal claim while respecting every condition in the prompt. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.08 - Searching for Counterexamples: Choose the counterexample that disproves an overly broad quantitative or verbal claim while respecting every condition in the prompt. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.08; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Elimination by Logic and Necessity: Which answer can be eliminated because it is not logically required, does not address the task, or introduces an unsupported condition?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.09 - Elimination by Logic and Necessity: Which answer can be eliminated because it is not logically required, does not address the task, or introduces an unsupported condition? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1..

Elimination by Sign, Units, and Magnitude: Select the choice that survives checks for units, sign, scale, order of magnitude, and numerical reasonableness. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.10 - Elimination by Sign, Units, and Magnitude: Select the choice that survives checks for units, sign, scale, order of magnitude, and numerical reasonableness. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Managing Scope, Strength, and Quantifier Traps: Which answer uses a degree of certainty and scope that is fully supported rather than stronger, broader, or more absolute than the evidence allows? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.11 - Managing Scope, Strength, and Quantifier Traps: Which answer uses a degree of certainty and scope that is fully supported rather than stronger, broader, or more absolute than the evidence allows? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Recognizing Common Distractor Designs: Identify the option built from a predictable trap such as answering a different question, reversing a relationship, using a partial result, or echoing passage language without logical support. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.12 - Recognizing Common Distractor Designs: Identify the option built from a predictable trap such as answering a different question, reversing a relationship, using a partial result, or echoing passage language without logical support. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Strategic Guessing and Expected Value: Which guessing decision best preserves section completion by using partial elimination, time remaining, and the probability of productive additional work?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.13 - Strategic Guessing and Expected Value: Which guessing decision best preserves section completion by using partial elimination, time remaining, and the probability of productive additional work? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1..

Time Caps and Cut-Loss Decisions: Choose the point at which a test taker should stop investing time, make the best available selection, and move forward without emotional attachment to the item. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.14 - Time Caps and Cut-Loss Decisions: Choose the point at which a test taker should stop investing time, make the best available selection, and move forward without emotional attachment to the item. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Section Pacing Checkpoints: Which checkpoint plan best compares questions completed with time remaining and triggers a controlled adjustment before a pacing deficit becomes unrecoverable?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.15 - Section Pacing Checkpoints: Which checkpoint plan best compares questions completed with time remaining and triggers a controlled adjustment before a pacing deficit becomes unrecoverable? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1..

Bookmarking Criteria: Select the question that is most worth bookmarking because the underlying work is nearly complete, the uncertainty is local, and later review has a realistic chance of changing the answer. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.16 - Bookmarking Criteria: Select the question that is most worth bookmarking because the underlying work is nearly complete, the uncertainty is local, and later review has a realistic chance of changing the answer. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Review/Edit Prioritization: Which review order best prioritizes flagged questions by expected score gain, confidence gap, and time required while respecting the answer-change limit?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.17 - Review/Edit Prioritization: Which review order best prioritizes flagged questions by expected score gain, confidence gap, and time required while respecting the answer-change limit? Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Scratch-Work Organization and Verification: Choose the scratch-work layout that preserves labels, units, cases, eliminations, and intermediate results so that verification and review are fast and reliable. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment STR.18 - Scratch-Work Organization and Verification: Choose the scratch-work layout that preserves labels, units, cases, eliminations, and intermediate results so that verification and review are fast and reliable. Alignment: GMAT: All Sections; PGMAT: STR.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS MP1, MP2, MP6; CCSS RI.11-12.1.

Integer, Rational, and Real Number Classification: Select the classification that correctly identifies integers, rational numbers, terminating or repeating decimals, and nonrational values in a numerical set. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.01 - Integer, Rational, and Real Number Classification: Select the classification that correctly identifies integers, rational numbers, terminating or repeating decimals, and nonrational values in a numerical set. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Positive, Negative, and Zero Behavior: Which statement correctly predicts the sign or zero status of a sum, product, quotient, power, or reciprocal under the given conditions?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.02 - Positive, Negative, and Zero Behavior: Which statement correctly predicts the sign or zero status of a sum, product, quotient, power, or reciprocal under the given conditions? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Order of Operations and Grouping: Choose the correctly evaluated expression by applying grouping symbols, exponents, multiplication or division, and addition or subtraction in the proper order. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.03 - Order of Operations and Grouping: Choose the correctly evaluated expression by applying grouping symbols, exponents, multiplication or division, and addition or subtraction in the proper order. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Fraction Simplification and Equivalent Forms: Select the fraction or ratio that is equivalent to the original expression after factoring and canceling only valid common factors. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.04 - Fraction Simplification and Equivalent Forms: Select the fraction or ratio that is equivalent to the original expression after factoring and canceling only valid common factors. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Fraction Arithmetic and Complex Fractions: Which calculation correctly adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, or simplifies nested fractions while preserving restrictions on denominators?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.05 - Fraction Arithmetic and Complex Fractions: Which calculation correctly adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, or simplifies nested fractions while preserving restrictions on denominators? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Decimal Place Value and Operations: Choose the result that correctly uses decimal place value, alignment, multiplication, division, and magnitude estimation. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.06 - Decimal Place Value and Operations: Choose the result that correctly uses decimal place value, alignment, multiplication, division, and magnitude estimation. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.06; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Reciprocal and Inverse Relationships: Which option correctly applies reciprocals, multiplicative inverses, and inverse proportional relationships without confusing an inverse with a negative or opposite?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.08 - Reciprocal and Inverse Relationships: Which option correctly applies reciprocals, multiplicative inverses, and inverse proportional relationships without confusing an inverse with a negative or opposite? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.08; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Factors, Multiples, and Prime Factorization: Choose the prime factorization or factor relationship that correctly supports a divisibility, counting, or simplification conclusion. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.09 - Factors, Multiples, and Prime Factorization: Choose the prime factorization or factor relationship that correctly supports a divisibility, counting, or simplification conclusion. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple: Select the GCF or LCM method that correctly solves a grouping, synchronization, or repeating-cycle problem. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.11 - Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple: Select the GCF or LCM method that correctly solves a grouping, synchronization, or repeating-cycle problem. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Remainders and Modular Patterns: Which remainder relationship correctly describes the result of division or a repeating pattern under the stated modulus? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.12 - Remainders and Modular Patterns: Which remainder relationship correctly describes the result of division or a repeating pattern under the stated modulus? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Units Digits and Cyclicity: Choose the units digit or last-digit pattern by identifying the correct cycle of powers or repeated operations. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.13 - Units Digits and Cyclicity: Choose the units digit or last-digit pattern by identifying the correct cycle of powers or repeated operations. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Roots, Radicals, and Rational Exponents: Which expression correctly simplifies a root or rational exponent while accounting for sign and domain restrictions? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.15 - Roots, Radicals, and Rational Exponents: Which expression correctly simplifies a root or rational exponent while accounting for sign and domain restrictions? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Absolute Value and Distance from Zero: Choose the value, equation, or inequality interpretation that correctly treats absolute value as distance and considers all valid cases. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.16 - Absolute Value and Distance from Zero: Choose the value, equation, or inequality interpretation that correctly treats absolute value as distance and considers all valid cases. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Number-Line Ordering and Intervals: Select the number-line placement or interval description that correctly orders signed numbers, fractions, radicals, and algebraic bounds. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.17 - Number-Line Ordering and Intervals: Select the number-line placement or interval description that correctly orders signed numbers, fractions, radicals, and algebraic bounds. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Even/Odd and Parity Reasoning: Which conclusion about a sum, difference, product, power, or count follows necessarily from the parity of the inputs? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.18 - Even/Odd and Parity Reasoning: Which conclusion about a sum, difference, product, power, or count follows necessarily from the parity of the inputs? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Consecutive Integer Structures: Choose the algebraic representation that correctly models consecutive integers, consecutive even or odd integers, or a fixed-step sequence. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.19 - Consecutive Integer Structures: Choose the algebraic representation that correctly models consecutive integers, consecutive even or odd integers, or a fixed-step sequence. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.19; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Integer Constraints and Feasible Values: Select the value or set of values that satisfies all integer, positivity, divisibility, and range constraints simultaneously. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.20 - Integer Constraints and Feasible Values: Select the value or set of values that satisfies all integer, positivity, divisibility, and range constraints simultaneously. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.20; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Scientific Notation and Orders of Magnitude: Which comparison or computation correctly uses powers of ten and identifies the appropriate order of magnitude? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.21 - Scientific Notation and Orders of Magnitude: Which comparison or computation correctly uses powers of ten and identifies the appropriate order of magnitude? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.21; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Rounding and Approximation: Choose the rounded value or approximation that follows the requested place, significant-digit rule, or error tolerance. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.22 - Rounding and Approximation: Choose the rounded value or approximation that follows the requested place, significant-digit rule, or error tolerance. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.22; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Mental Math and Calculation Efficiency: Select the decomposition, compensation, factoring, or benchmark method that produces the required result with the least reliable arithmetic. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.23 - Mental Math and Calculation Efficiency: Select the decomposition, compensation, factoring, or benchmark method that produces the required result with the least reliable arithmetic. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.23; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Numerical Bounds and Inequality Estimation: Which upper or lower bound is guaranteed by the stated ranges and is strong enough to answer the question without exact computation? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.24 - Numerical Bounds and Inequality Estimation: Which upper or lower bound is guaranteed by the stated ranges and is strong enough to answer the question without exact computation? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.24; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Mixed Number-Property Reasoning: Choose the answer that integrates divisibility, parity, exponents, remainders, signs, and bounds in a multi-condition problem. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-NUM.25 - Mixed Number-Property Reasoning: Choose the answer that integrates divisibility, parity, exponents, remainders, signs, and bounds in a multi-condition problem. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-NUM.25; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.NS, 7.NS; MP1, MP2, MP6, MP7.

Ratios and Part-to-Part or Part-to-Whole Relationships: Select the ratio that correctly distinguishes parts from totals and maintains the same unit and comparison direction. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.01 - Ratios and Part-to-Part or Part-to-Whole Relationships: Select the ratio that correctly distinguishes parts from totals and maintains the same unit and comparison direction. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Proportions and Equivalent Ratios: Which proportion correctly models the relationship, and which cross-product or scaling step solves it without reversing terms?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.02 - Proportions and Equivalent Ratios: Which proportion correctly models the relationship, and which cross-product or scaling step solves it without reversing terms? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Direct and Inverse Variation: Choose the equation or prediction that correctly identifies whether one quantity changes directly or inversely with another. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.03 - Direct and Inverse Variation: Choose the equation or prediction that correctly identifies whether one quantity changes directly or inversely with another. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Unit Rates and Dimensional Analysis: Select the conversion path that cancels units correctly and produces the requested unit rate or composite measure.. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.04 - Unit Rates and Dimensional Analysis: Select the conversion path that cancels units correctly and produces the requested unit rate or composite measure. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Markup, Discount, and Sale Price: Choose the sequence of multipliers that correctly models markup, discount, coupon, tax, or commission effects on a price.. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.09 - Markup, Discount, and Sale Price: Choose the sequence of multipliers that correctly models markup, discount, coupon, tax, or commission effects on a price. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Profit, Loss, Revenue, Cost, and Margin: Select the relationship that correctly connects revenue, cost, profit, profit rate, and margin under the stated business conditions. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.10 - Profit, Loss, Revenue, Cost, and Margin: Select the relationship that correctly connects revenue, cost, profit, profit rate, and margin under the stated business conditions. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Simple Interest and Linear Growth: Which expression correctly models simple interest or another quantity that grows by a constant amount per period?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.11 - Simple Interest and Linear Growth: Which expression correctly models simple interest or another quantity that grows by a constant amount per period? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Compound Growth and Decay: Choose the exponential multiplier that correctly models repeated percentage growth, depreciation, inflation, or population change. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.12 - Compound Growth and Decay: Choose the exponential multiplier that correctly models repeated percentage growth, depreciation, inflation, or population change. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Exchange Rates and Unit Conversions: Select the correct direction of an exchange-rate or measurement conversion and verify that the resulting units and magnitude are reasonable. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.13 - Exchange Rates and Unit Conversions: Select the correct direction of an exchange-rate or measurement conversion and verify that the resulting units and magnitude are reasonable. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Distance-Rate-Time: Which equation or table correctly relates distance, rate, and time for one or more moving objects? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.14 - Distance-Rate-Time: Which equation or table correctly relates distance, rate, and time for one or more moving objects? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Relative Speed and Catch-Up: Choose the relative-rate model that correctly handles objects moving toward each other, apart, or in the same direction. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.15 - Relative Speed and Catch-Up: Choose the relative-rate model that correctly handles objects moving toward each other, apart, or in the same direction. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Average Speed: Select the calculation that uses total distance divided by total time and avoids averaging rates when the time or distance intervals are unequal. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.16 - Average Speed: Select the calculation that uses total distance divided by total time and avoids averaging rates when the time or distance intervals are unequal. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Work and Production Rates: Which reciprocal-rate setup correctly represents the fraction of a job completed per unit time? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.17 - Work and Production Rates: Which reciprocal-rate setup correctly represents the fraction of a job completed per unit time? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Combined Work: Choose the equation that correctly adds simultaneous work rates, accounts for partial work, and solves for total completion time. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.18 - Combined Work: Choose the equation that correctly adds simultaneous work rates, accounts for partial work, and solves for total completion time. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Mixtures and Concentration: Select the weighted-content equation that preserves total amount of the active ingredient before and after mixing or dilution. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.19 - Mixtures and Concentration: Select the weighted-content equation that preserves total amount of the active ingredient before and after mixing or dilution. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.19; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range: Choose the statistic that answers the question and compute or compare it correctly from a list, table, or frequency distribution. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.21 - Mean, Median, Mode, and Range: Choose the statistic that answers the question and compute or compare it correctly from a list, table, or frequency distribution. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.21; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Changes to Average and Total: Select the effect of adding, removing, or replacing values by connecting the average to the total sum and number of observations. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.22 - Changes to Average and Total: Select the effect of adding, removing, or replacing values by connecting the average to the total sum and number of observations. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.22; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Piecewise and Graduated Rates: Which piecewise calculation correctly applies thresholds, tiers, overtime, taxes, shipping bands, or stepwise pricing?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.23 - Piecewise and Graduated Rates: Which piecewise calculation correctly applies thresholds, tiers, overtime, taxes, shipping bands, or stepwise pricing? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.23; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Multi-Stage Business Arithmetic: Choose the sequence that correctly combines revenue, cost, percent change, exchange, productivity, and timing information across multiple stages. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.24 - Multi-Stage Business Arithmetic: Choose the sequence that correctly combines revenue, cost, percent change, exchange, productivity, and timing information across multiple stages. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.24; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Applied Arithmetic Mixed Modeling: Select the most efficient model and answer for a word problem that combines ratios, percentages, rates, averages, and unit conversions. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-APP.25 - Applied Arithmetic Mixed Modeling: Select the most efficient model and answer for a word problem that combines ratios, percentages, rates, averages, and unit conversions. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-APP.25; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.RP, 7.RP, HSN-Q, HSS-ID; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP6.

Verbal Statements to Algebraic Expressions: Choose the expression that accurately translates comparisons, totals, differences, products, rates, and conditional relationships stated in words. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.01 - Verbal Statements to Algebraic Expressions: Choose the expression that accurately translates comparisons, totals, differences, products, rates, and conditional relationships stated in words. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions: Select the equivalent expression after correctly applying order of operations, exponent rules, and valid cancellation. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.02 - Simplifying Algebraic Expressions: Select the equivalent expression after correctly applying order of operations, exponent rules, and valid cancellation. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Distribution and Combining Like Terms: Which simplification correctly distributes factors, manages negative signs, and combines only truly like terms? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.03 - Distribution and Combining Like Terms: Which simplification correctly distributes factors, manages negative signs, and combines only truly like terms? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Factoring Common Factors and Identities: Choose the factorization that exposes a common factor or standard identity and preserves the original expression. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.04 - Factoring Common Factors and Identities: Choose the factorization that exposes a common factor or standard identity and preserves the original expression. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Linear Equations: Select the value that solves a one-variable linear equation and satisfies the original equation after substitution. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.05 - Linear Equations: Select the value that solves a one-variable linear equation and satisfies the original equation after substitution. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Literal Equations and Formula Rearrangement: Choose the correctly rearranged formula that isolates the requested variable while respecting nonzero denominators and domain conditions. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.07 - Literal Equations and Formula Rearrangement: Choose the correctly rearranged formula that isolates the requested variable while respecting nonzero denominators and domain conditions. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.07; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Translating Word Problems into Systems: Which pair of equations correctly models two unknown quantities and all stated total, difference, rate, or mixture conditions?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.09 - Translating Word Problems into Systems: Which pair of equations correctly models two unknown quantities and all stated total, difference, rate, or mixture conditions? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Linear Inequalities: Choose the solution set that correctly handles operations on both sides and reverses the inequality when multiplying or dividing by a negative. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.10 - Linear Inequalities: Choose the solution set that correctly handles operations on both sides and reverses the inequality when multiplying or dividing by a negative. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Sign Changes and Inequality Reversal: Which comparison remains valid after reciprocals, squaring, multiplying, or dividing, given the possible signs of the quantities? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.12 - Sign Changes and Inequality Reversal: Which comparison remains valid after reciprocals, squaring, multiplying, or dividing, given the possible signs of the quantities? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Absolute-Value Equations and Inequalities: Choose the complete solution set by separating absolute-value conditions into the correct cases. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.13 - Absolute-Value Equations and Inequalities: Choose the complete solution set by separating absolute-value conditions into the correct cases. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Quadratic Factoring and Roots: Select the roots or factorization of a quadratic expression and reject extraneous or repeated solutions when appropriate. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.14 - Quadratic Factoring and Roots: Select the roots or factorization of a quadratic expression and reject extraneous or repeated solutions when appropriate. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Quadratic Relationships without Full Computation: Which conclusion about the sum, product, sign, or number of roots follows from coefficients or factor structure without solving completely? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.15 - Quadratic Relationships without Full Computation: Which conclusion about the sum, product, sign, or number of roots follows from coefficients or factor structure without solving completely? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Exponential Equations and Growth Models: Choose the common-base, logarithm-free, or multiplier approach that solves an exponential relationship within elementary algebra. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.16 - Exponential Equations and Growth Models: Choose the common-base, logarithm-free, or multiplier approach that solves an exponential relationship within elementary algebra. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Rational Expressions and Domain Restrictions: Select the simplified rational expression and identify values excluded because they make an original denominator zero. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.17 - Rational Expressions and Domain Restrictions: Select the simplified rational expression and identify values excluded because they make an original denominator zero. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Algebraic Fractions and Proportions: Which cross-multiplication or common-denominator step correctly solves an equation involving algebraic ratios? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.18 - Algebraic Fractions and Proportions: Which cross-multiplication or common-denominator step correctly solves an equation involving algebraic ratios? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Newly Defined Functions and Operations: Select the result produced by applying a custom operation exactly as defined, including nested or repeated use. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.20 - Newly Defined Functions and Operations: Select the result produced by applying a custom operation exactly as defined, including nested or repeated use. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.20; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Linear Functions and Constant Rate: Which equation, table, or verbal description represents a constant rate of change and a consistent initial value?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.21 - Linear Functions and Constant Rate: Which equation, table, or verbal description represents a constant rate of change and a consistent initial value? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.21; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Slope and Intercepts from Data: Choose the slope, intercept, or linear equation that matches the given data points or business context. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.22 - Slope and Intercepts from Data: Choose the slope, intercept, or linear equation that matches the given data points or business context. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.22; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Tables, Graphs, and Algebraic Rules: Select the algebraic rule that matches a table or graph and use it to predict an unlisted value without relying on geometry formulas. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.23 - Tables, Graphs, and Algebraic Rules: Select the algebraic rule that matches a table or graph and use it to predict an unlisted value without relying on geometry formulas. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.23; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Finite Series and Pattern Sums: Which grouping, pairing, or formula efficiently finds a finite sum or repeated-pattern total?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.27 - Finite Series and Pattern Sums: Which grouping, pairing, or formula efficiently finds a finite sum or repeated-pattern total? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.27; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Optimization under Algebraic or Integer Constraints: Choose the maximum or minimum feasible value by combining the objective with algebraic, integer, and resource constraints. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.28 - Optimization under Algebraic or Integer Constraints: Choose the maximum or minimum feasible value by combining the objective with algebraic, integer, and resource constraints. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.28; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Algebraic Bounds and Comparison: Select the comparison that must hold for expressions given ranges, signs, or ordering information, without assuming specific values.. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.29 - Algebraic Bounds and Comparison: Select the comparison that must hold for expressions given ranges, signs, or ordering information, without assuming specific values. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.29; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Mixed Algebraic Modeling: Choose the most efficient equation, function, sequence, or inequality model for a multi-step problem and verify the selected answer in context. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-ALG.30 - Mixed Algebraic Modeling: Choose the most efficient equation, function, sequence, or inequality model for a multi-step problem and verify the selected answer in context. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS; PGMAT: QR-ALG.30; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS 6.EE, 7.EE, 8.EE, HSA-SSE, HSA-CED, HSA-REI, HSF-IF; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Arrangements with Repeated Elements: Select the count that adjusts for indistinguishable repeated items rather than treating every position as unique. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.04 - Arrangements with Repeated Elements: Select the count that adjusts for indistinguishable repeated items rather than treating every position as unique. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Restrictions, Cases, and Complement Counting: Which case split or complement method counts all valid outcomes exactly once while excluding forbidden arrangements?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.05 - Restrictions, Cases, and Complement Counting: Which case split or complement method counts all valid outcomes exactly once while excluding forbidden arrangements? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7..

Basic Probability: Choose the probability formed from equally likely favorable outcomes over total outcomes and simplify it correctly. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.06 - Basic Probability: Choose the probability formed from equally likely favorable outcomes over total outcomes and simplify it correctly. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.06; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Mutually Exclusive and Overlapping Events: Which addition rule correctly accounts for whether events can occur together and subtracts overlap when required?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.08 - Mutually Exclusive and Overlapping Events: Which addition rule correctly accounts for whether events can occur together and subtracts overlap when required? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.08; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Independent and Dependent Events: Choose the multiplication rule that correctly determines whether later probabilities change after earlier outcomes. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.09 - Independent and Dependent Events: Choose the multiplication rule that correctly determines whether later probabilities change after earlier outcomes. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Conditional Probability from Given Data: Select the probability that uses the correct restricted denominator after a condition has been imposed. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.10 - Conditional Probability from Given Data: Select the probability that uses the correct restricted denominator after a condition has been imposed. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Probability with Combinations: Which numerator and denominator correctly count unordered selections for a probability problem?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.11 - Probability with Combinations: Which numerator and denominator correctly count unordered selections for a probability problem? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Expected Value and Weighted Outcomes: Choose the expected value by multiplying each outcome by its probability and interpreting the result over repeated trials. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.12 - Expected Value and Weighted Outcomes: Choose the expected value by multiplying each outcome by its probability and interpreting the result over repeated trials. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Two- and Three-Set Inclusion-Exclusion: Select the count or region that correctly combines set totals, pairwise overlaps, triple overlap, and elements outside the sets. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.13 - Two- and Three-Set Inclusion-Exclusion: Select the count or region that correctly combines set totals, pairwise overlaps, triple overlap, and elements outside the sets. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Minimum, Maximum, and Pigeonhole Reasoning: Which least or greatest value is guaranteed by distributing items among categories under the stated constraints?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.14 - Minimum, Maximum, and Pigeonhole Reasoning: Which least or greatest value is guaranteed by distributing items among categories under the stated constraints? Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Mixed Discrete Quantitative Reasoning: Choose the answer that integrates counting, sets, probability, and integer constraints in a multi-step selection problem. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment QR-DIS.15 - Mixed Discrete Quantitative Reasoning: Choose the answer that integrates counting, sets, probability, and integer constraints in a multi-step selection problem. Alignment: GMAT: QR-PS and DI; PGMAT: QR-DIS.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS HSS-CP, HSS-MD; MP1, MP2, MP4, MP7.

Passage Mapping and Reading for Structure: Which passage map best records the role of each paragraph, major viewpoints, transitions, and the location of supporting evidence without over-summarizing details?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.01 - Passage Mapping and Reading for Structure: Which passage map best records the role of each paragraph, major viewpoints, transitions, and the location of supporting evidence without over-summarizing details? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Main Idea: Select the statement that captures the passage's central claim or focus while covering the whole text and avoiding a detail-only summary. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.02 - Main Idea: Select the statement that captures the passage's central claim or focus while covering the whole text and avoiding a detail-only summary. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Primary Purpose: Which option best describes what the author is doing overall, such as explaining, evaluating, challenging, comparing, or proposing?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.03 - Primary Purpose: Which option best describes what the author is doing overall, such as explaining, evaluating, challenging, comparing, or proposing? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7..

Paragraph Function: Choose the description that correctly explains how a paragraph contributes to the passage's argument, development, or organization. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.04 - Paragraph Function: Choose the description that correctly explains how a paragraph contributes to the passage's argument, development, or organization. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Overall Organization: Select the sequence that accurately describes how the passage moves among background, evidence, viewpoints, objections, and conclusions. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.05 - Overall Organization: Select the sequence that accurately describes how the passage moves among background, evidence, viewpoints, objections, and conclusions. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Stated Detail: Which answer is directly supported by a specific sentence or idea in the passage without requiring an additional assumption?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.06 - Stated Detail: Which answer is directly supported by a specific sentence or idea in the passage without requiring an additional assumption? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.06; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Detail Localization and Evidence Matching: Choose the passage location and evidence that most directly answer the question, then select the option that matches that evidence precisely. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.07 - Detail Localization and Evidence Matching: Choose the passage location and evidence that most directly answer the question, then select the option that matches that evidence precisely. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.07; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Inference: Select the conclusion that must or most reasonably follows from the passage, even though it is not stated verbatim. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.08 - Inference: Select the conclusion that must or most reasonably follows from the passage, even though it is not stated verbatim. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.08; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Implication versus Speculation: Which inference stays within the evidence and avoids introducing a plausible but unsupported scenario?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.09 - Implication versus Speculation: Which inference stays within the evidence and avoids introducing a plausible but unsupported scenario? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Application to a New Situation: Choose the new example, policy, experiment, or case that the passage's principle would most strongly support or predict. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.10 - Application to a New Situation: Choose the new example, policy, experiment, or case that the passage's principle would most strongly support or predict. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Author Tone: Select the tone description that matches the author's wording, level of certainty, and emotional distance without exaggeration. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.11 - Author Tone: Select the tone description that matches the author's wording, level of certainty, and emotional distance without exaggeration. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Author Attitude and Viewpoint: Which option best characterizes the author's stance toward a theory, person, method, or result?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.12 - Author Attitude and Viewpoint: Which option best characterizes the author's stance toward a theory, person, method, or result? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7..

Style and Rhetorical Strategy: Choose the description that best explains the author's use of examples, definitions, analogy, concession, criticism, or qualification. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.13 - Style and Rhetorical Strategy: Choose the description that best explains the author's use of examples, definitions, analogy, concession, criticism, or qualification. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Logical Relationships among Ideas: Select the relationship - support, contrast, cause, qualification, example, or consequence - that correctly connects two claims. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.14 - Logical Relationships among Ideas: Select the relationship - support, contrast, cause, qualification, example, or consequence - that correctly connects two claims. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Contrast, Concession, and Qualification: Which interpretation correctly tracks words such as however, although, yet, nevertheless, and only and preserves the author's final position?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.15 - Contrast, Concession, and Qualification: Which interpretation correctly tracks words such as however, although, yet, nevertheless, and only and preserves the author's final position? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Cause-and-Effect Claims in Passages: Choose the answer that accurately represents the causal claim, evidence, and limitations presented in the passage. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.16 - Cause-and-Effect Claims in Passages: Choose the answer that accurately represents the causal claim, evidence, and limitations presented in the passage. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Comparison and Analogy: Select the comparison that preserves the relevant similarity or difference identified by the author. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.17 - Comparison and Analogy: Select the comparison that preserves the relevant similarity or difference identified by the author. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Evidence, Examples, and Support: Which piece of evidence or example is used to support, illustrate, limit, or challenge a particular claim? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.18 - Evidence, Examples, and Support: Which piece of evidence or example is used to support, illustrate, limit, or challenge a particular claim? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Vocabulary in Context: Choose the meaning of a word or phrase as it functions in the passage rather than its most familiar dictionary meaning. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.19 - Vocabulary in Context: Choose the meaning of a word or phrase as it functions in the passage rather than its most familiar dictionary meaning. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.19; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Reference Words and Concept Tracking: Select the correct antecedent or concept referred to by a pronoun, label, abbreviation, or repeated technical term. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.20 - Reference Words and Concept Tracking: Select the correct antecedent or concept referred to by a pronoun, label, abbreviation, or repeated technical term. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.20; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Quantitative Concepts in Prose: Which interpretation correctly follows a numerical comparison, trend, proportion, or conditional relationship embedded in the text?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.21 - Quantitative Concepts in Prose: Which interpretation correctly follows a numerical comparison, trend, proportion, or conditional relationship embedded in the text? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.21; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7..

Technical Definitions and Model Interpretation: Choose the conclusion that correctly applies a definition, mechanism, or model introduced by the passage. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.22 - Technical Definitions and Model Interpretation: Choose the conclusion that correctly applies a definition, mechanism, or model introduced by the passage. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.22; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Multiple Viewpoints and Debate Structure: Select the option that accurately assigns claims to the author, researchers, critics, or competing schools of thought. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.23 - Multiple Viewpoints and Debate Structure: Select the option that accurately assigns claims to the author, researchers, critics, or competing schools of thought. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.23; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Answer Scope, Strength, and Precision: Which answer matches the passage's exact scope and certainty while avoiding extreme language, reversal, and partial truth traps? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.24 - Answer Scope, Strength, and Precision: Which answer matches the passage's exact scope and certainty while avoiding extreme language, reversal, and partial truth traps? Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.24; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Reading Comprehension Mixed Passage Strategy: Choose the best reading, pacing, and question-order strategy for a passage set containing main-idea, detail, inference, and application items. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-RC.25 - Reading Comprehension Mixed Passage Strategy: Choose the best reading, pacing, and question-order strategy for a passage set containing main-idea, detail, inference, and application items. Alignment: GMAT: VR-RC; PGMAT: VR-RC.25; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1-7.

Argument Structure: Which diagram or paraphrase correctly identifies the argument's evidence, conclusion, assumptions, and any intermediate reasoning?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.01 - Argument Structure: Which diagram or paraphrase correctly identifies the argument's evidence, conclusion, assumptions, and any intermediate reasoning? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.01; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Conclusion Identification: Select the claim the author is trying to establish rather than a premise, example, recommendation, or background fact. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.02 - Conclusion Identification: Select the claim the author is trying to establish rather than a premise, example, recommendation, or background fact. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.02; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Premise, Evidence, and Background: Which statement functions as support for the conclusion, and which merely provides context or defines the issue?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.03 - Premise, Evidence, and Background: Which statement functions as support for the conclusion, and which merely provides context or defines the issue? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.03; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Intermediate Conclusions: Choose the claim that is supported by earlier evidence and then used as support for a later main conclusion. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.04 - Intermediate Conclusions: Choose the claim that is supported by earlier evidence and then used as support for a later main conclusion. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.04; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Necessary Assumptions: Select the unstated condition that must be true for the evidence to support the conclusion. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.05 - Necessary Assumptions: Select the unstated condition that must be true for the evidence to support the conclusion. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.05; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Assumption Negation Test: Which negated answer choice most directly causes the argument's logic to fail, identifying the necessary assumption?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.06 - Assumption Negation Test: Which negated answer choice most directly causes the argument's logic to fail, identifying the necessary assumption? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.06; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Strengthen the Argument: Choose the new information that most increases the likelihood of the conclusion by supporting the link between evidence and claim. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.07 - Strengthen the Argument: Choose the new information that most increases the likelihood of the conclusion by supporting the link between evidence and claim. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.07; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Weaken the Argument: Select the information that most undermines the conclusion by attacking an assumption, offering an alternative explanation, or reducing relevance. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.08 - Weaken the Argument: Select the information that most undermines the conclusion by attacking an assumption, offering an alternative explanation, or reducing relevance. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.08; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Evaluate the Argument: Which question's answer would most help determine whether the argument's key assumption or causal link is reliable?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.09 - Evaluate the Argument: Which question's answer would most help determine whether the argument's key assumption or causal link is reliable? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.09; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Inference and Must-Be-True: Choose the statement that follows logically from the given facts without relying on the author's unstated intentions. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.10 - Inference and Must-Be-True: Choose the statement that follows logically from the given facts without relying on the author's unstated intentions. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.10; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Most-Supported Conclusion: Select the conclusion best supported by the evidence when no explicit conclusion is provided. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.11 - Most-Supported Conclusion: Select the conclusion best supported by the evidence when no explicit conclusion is provided. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.11; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Explain a Discrepancy: Which fact best explains how two apparently inconsistent observations can both be true?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.12 - Explain a Discrepancy: Which fact best explains how two apparently inconsistent observations can both be true? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.12; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3..

Resolve a Paradox: Choose the option that supplies a missing distinction, subgroup, timing difference, or mechanism that removes the apparent contradiction. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.13 - Resolve a Paradox: Choose the option that supplies a missing distinction, subgroup, timing difference, or mechanism that removes the apparent contradiction. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.13; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Identify the Flaw: Select the description that most precisely identifies the reasoning error rather than merely restating the argument's topic. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.14 - Identify the Flaw: Select the description that most precisely identifies the reasoning error rather than merely restating the argument's topic. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.14; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Causation versus Correlation: Which answer correctly tests whether an observed association supports causation or could arise from coincidence or a third factor? Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.15 - Causation versus Correlation: Which answer correctly tests whether an observed association supports causation or could arise from coincidence or a third factor? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.15; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Alternative Causes and Confounders: Choose the alternative factor that could produce the observed result and therefore weakens the claimed causal explanation. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.16 - Alternative Causes and Confounders: Choose the alternative factor that could produce the observed result and therefore weakens the claimed causal explanation. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.16; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Reverse Causation and Timing: Select the possibility that the supposed effect causes the supposed cause, or that the sequence of events undermines the argument. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.17 - Reverse Causation and Timing: Select the possibility that the supposed effect causes the supposed cause, or that the sequence of events undermines the argument. Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.17; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.

Sampling and Selection Bias: Which flaw arises because the sample is unrepresentative, self-selected, too narrow, or drawn from the wrong population?. Aligned to PGMAT current-exam curriculum standard with GMAT alignment VR-CR.18 - Sampling and Selection Bias: Which flaw arises because the sample is unrepresentative, self-selected, too narrow, or drawn from the wrong population? Alignment: GMAT: VR-CR; PGMAT: VR-CR.18; Supporting Crosswalk: CCSS RI.11-12.1, RI.11-12.8-9; MP3.