R.216 Create a Brief Passage Map
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Skill Level🔴 Hard
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Passage title: Artificial Reef. Original ACT Reading-style passage (original paired or complex informational passage): [P1] The artificial reef begins as cleaned concrete modules lowered onto a sandy ocean floor. In early photos, it looks like construction debris arranged in rows. [P2] A marine planner explains that the modules are shaped with holes and ledges to provide shelter. Their value depends on whether organisms actually use them. [P3] The passage follows divers returning months later to find algae, small fish, and invertebrates occupying the surfaces. The structure has begun to function ecologically. [P4] An environmental critic warns that artificial reefs can become excuses to damage natural reefs elsewhere. The passage includes this caution to limit a too-easy success story. [P5] The conclusion maps the reef as conditional restoration: design can create habitat, but only within ethical limits and ongoing monitoring. Which mental map would best help a reader track the passage's structure while keeping pace?