R.183 Distinguish Experiment from Observation
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Source Note: The following is an original summary of a review article. The article compares published studies of moths, beetles, and flies near artificial lights. Across the studies, insects showed disrupted orientation or repeated circling, supporting the claim that artificial light affects navigation.

In context, the support for the claim that artificial light disrupts navigation in several nocturnal insect groups is best understood as which kind of evidence?