Passage A A criminal-justice statistician argues that validated risk tools can outperform unaided intuition in estimating missed-court or rearrest probabilities. The statistician insists that a model be recalibrated for the local population and that uncertainty be shown rather than converted into categorical labels. Passage B A defense scholar warns that tools may encode unequal policing patterns and can make a numerical estimate appear more objective than its data warrant. The scholar supports independent validation and limits on using a score as the sole reason for detention. Which proposition about pretrial risk tools is supported by both passages?