Researchers study front-of-package food labels that summarize nutritional quality. The passage stages a disagreement between an overconfident interpretation and a qualified authorial one. The overconfident interpretation is that public health officials say simple labels will automatically improve diets. The qualified position is that the author says labels can shift choices but effects depend on price, placement, and trust in the rating system. Shoppers noticed a high rating on cereal but bought cheaper snacks placed at eye level. The unresolved concern is whether information alone can overcome store and price incentives.