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Necessary and Sufficient Causes
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LSAT
LR.102 Necessary and Sufficient Causes
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Every occurrence of effect E requires background condition N, but even when N is present E occurs only 30 percent of the time. Which statement is correct?
A
N is not necessary because it fails to produce E in most cases.
B
N is sufficient because E sometimes occurs when N is present.
C
N is necessary but not sufficient for E; the low success rate with N does not undermine its necessity.
D
N is both necessary and sufficient because it raises the probability of E.
E
N is neither necessary nor sufficient because its association is probabilistic.
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