A corporation linked training records with first-year performance reviews for employees hired in one calendar year. Of 2,000 hires, 1,100 had complete records in both systems and were analyzed. The corporation concluded that completing the optional training is associated with stronger first-year performance among all new hires. Which answer choice identifies all three elements without changing the unit, time period, place, or causal force of the conclusion? Read the conclusion as stated rather than narrowing it to what the evidence may justify.