Reading Scientific Diagrams and Schematics - Which labeled diagram best communicates the structure–function relationship described in the prompt? (CCSS RST.6–8.7)

Interpreting Tables and Data Summaries - Which conclusion about center and spread is best supported by the data table? (CCSS 6.SP.B.5)

Unit Conversions and Dimensional Analysis - Which conversion correctly maintains unit consistency for the given calculation? (CCSS 7.RP.A.2)

Measurement Error and Uncertainty - Which statement correctly describes measurement uncertainty and significant figures in the data? (NGSS SEPs: Analyzing and Interpreting Data)

Choosing Graph Types and Scales - Which graphing choice makes the intended pattern most visible? (NGSS SEPs: Analyzing and Interpreting Data)

Evaluating Source Credibility in Science - Which source is most credible and relevant for supporting the stated scientific claim? (CCSS RST.6–8.8)

Cell Theory and Microscopy - Which micrograph or observation best supports the claim that all living things are composed of cells? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑1; CCSS RST.6–8.7)

Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells - Which diagram correctly distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their key features? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑1)

Cell Structures and Functions Model - Which model best shows how the listed organelles contribute to overall cell function? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑2)

Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms - Which diagram best represents the levels of organization from cell to body system? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑3)

Homeostasis and Body System Interactions - Which explanation best shows how two body systems interact to maintain homeostasis in a scenario? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑3)

Sensory Receptors and Information Processing - Which statement best synthesizes how sensory receptors and the brain produce a behavior? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑8)

Plant Reproductive Structures and Processes - Which diagram best illustrates how plant structures increase the probability of successful reproduction? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑4)

Animal Reproductive Behaviors and Success - Which behavior most likely increases an animal’s reproductive success in the described environment? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑4)

Environmental and Genetic Factors in Growth - Which claim about the influence of genes and environment on growth is best supported by evidence? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑5)

Microscope Operation and Slide Preparation - Which microscope procedure produces the clearest, safest view of a new specimen? (NGSS SEPs: Planning Investigations)

Cell Transport: Diffusion and Osmosis - Which prediction about water or solute movement across a membrane is most accurate? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑2 connections; IXL B.6 protocol about diffusion)

Energy Organelles: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria - Which option correctly matches each organelle to its primary energy role? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑6, MS‑LS1‑7)

Body System Pathways - Which flow diagram best traces matter and energy between body systems? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑3, MS‑LS1‑7)

Photosynthesis as Matter and Energy Transformation - Which model best traces atoms through photosynthesis to show matter conservation and energy input? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑6)

Cellular Respiration as Chemical Reactions - Which model best shows matter rearrangement and energy release during cellular respiration? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑7)

Matter Cycling: Carbon, Oxygen, and Water in Organisms - Which diagram best represents carbon or water cycling between organisms and the environment? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑6; MS‑ESS2‑4)

Food Chains, Food Webs, and Energy Pyramids - Which food web or energy pyramid correctly represents energy transfer limitations between trophic levels? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑3)

Conservation of Matter in Organisms - Which statement best supports conservation of matter in a biological process? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑7)

Balancing Word Equations for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - Which balanced equation best represents the described biological process? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑6, MS‑LS1‑7; CCSS MP.4)

Measuring Energy in Food - Which setup or interpretation most accurately estimates food energy while addressing error sources? (NGSS SEPs; CCSS 6.SP.B.5)

Quantitative Analysis of Energy Flow - Which calculation best estimates energy available to a trophic level given producer energy? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑3; CCSS 7.RP.A.2)

Resource Availability and Carrying Capacity - Which graph best supports a conclusion about carrying capacity given resource data? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑1)

Patterns of Interactions in Ecosystems - Which interaction type best explains the relationship described between two species? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑2)

Matter Cycling and Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Which ecosystem model best represents matter cycling and energy flow between living and nonliving parts? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑3)

Ecosystem Stability and Change - Which claim about population change is best supported by the evidence after a disturbance? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑4)

Designing for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - Which design option best maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services given the stated constraints? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑5)

Building and Analyzing Population Models - Which population graph most likely represents logistic growth under limiting factors? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑1; CCSS MP.4)

Constructing Food Web Diagrams - Which food web diagram best identifies a keystone species and predicts impacts of its removal? (NGSS MS‑LS2‑3)

Investigating Microecosystems - Which investigation plan best yields reliable observations of changes in a microecosystem over time? (NGSS SEPs: Planning Investigations)

Genes, Chromosomes, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Structure and Function - Which model best shows the relationships among DNA, genes, chromosomes, proteins, and traits? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑1)

Mutations and Effects on Proteins and Traits - Which statement best predicts the effect of the described gene mutation on protein function? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑1)

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction and Variation - Which model best explains differences in genetic variation between asexual and sexual reproduction? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑2)

Punnett Squares and Probability of Inheritance - Which Punnett square correctly predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes for the cross? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑2; CCSS 7.RP.A.2)

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis (Qualitative) - Which comparison best distinguishes mitosis from meiosis and their roles? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑2 connections)

Environmental and Genetic Influences on Traits - Which claim about a trait is best supported by evidence of both genetic and environmental influences? (NGSS MS‑LS1‑5)

Reading Pedigree Charts - Which pedigree best fits a recessive inheritance pattern for the described trait? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑2 connections)

Incomplete Dominance and Codominance (Introductory) - Which scenario demonstrates incomplete dominance (or codominance) most clearly? (NGSS MS‑LS3‑2 connections)

Fossil Record and Patterns Over Time - Which trend in the fossil record best supports a claim about change over time? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑1)

Anatomical Evidence and Evolutionary Relationships - Which anatomical comparison best supports a common ancestry claim? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑2)

Embryological Evidence of Common Ancestry - Which embryological comparison best supports a relationship not evident in adult anatomy? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑3)

Natural Selection Mechanisms and Adaptation - Which scenario best illustrates natural selection leading to increased frequency of a trait? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑4)

Artificial Selection and Human Influence - Which example best represents human-directed selection of traits? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑5)

Mathematical Representations of Trait Frequencies - Which graph best supports a claim about changing trait frequencies under selection? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑6; CCSS MP.4)

Designing Simulations of Natural Selection - Which simulation setup would best test the effect of changing conditions on trait frequency? (NGSS MS‑LS4‑6; SEPs: Using Mathematics)

Evaluating Evolutionary Claims in Media - Which media claim is best supported by reliable evidence about evolution? (CCSS RST.6–8.8)

Water Cycle Models Across Earth Systems - Which model best shows water movement through Earth’s systems driven by the sun and gravity? (NGSS MS‑ESS2‑4)

Uneven Distribution of Natural Resources - Which explanation best links geoscience processes to uneven resource distribution? (NGSS MS‑ESS3‑1)

Population, Consumption, and Earth Systems - Which claim about human population and consumption impacts is best supported by evidence? (NGSS MS‑ESS3‑4)

Monitoring and Minimizing Human Impacts - Which method best monitors and minimizes a specified human impact under stated constraints? (NGSS MS‑ESS3‑3)

Drivers of Global Temperature Rise - Which question would best clarify evidence about factors driving recent global temperature rise? (NGSS MS‑ESS3‑5)

Analyzing Local Water Quality Data - Which interpretation of local water quality data best indicates stream health? (NGSS SEPs: Analyzing Data)

Mapping Land Use Change with Remote Sensing - Which satellite image comparison best indicates a specific land use change and likely impact? (NGSS SEPs: Obtaining and Communicating Information)

Modeling Urban Heat Islands - Which map pattern best identifies an urban heat island and suggests an effective mitigation? (NGSS MS‑ESS3‑3 connections)

Defining Problems with Criteria and Constraints - Which set of criteria and constraints best defines the stated design problem? (NGSS MS‑ETS1‑1)

Generating and Comparing Multiple Solutions - Which comparison shows the solution that best meets the criteria and constraints? (NGSS MS‑ETS1‑2)

Analyzing Test Data to Improve Solutions - Which interpretation of test data best informs a specific design improvement? (NGSS MS‑ETS1‑3)

Modeling for Iterative Testing - Which modeling approach would best generate data for iterative optimization? (NGSS MS‑ETS1‑4)

Engineering Notebooks and Documentation - Which entry most appropriately documents an engineering design iteration? (NGSS SEPs; CCSS WHST.6–8.7)

Trade‑offs, Optimization, and Constraints - Which choice best describes a trade‑off made to optimize a design under constraints? (NGSS MS‑ETS1‑3)

Particle Model of Matter and States - Which particle model best explains a change of state due to thermal energy transfer? (NGSS MS‑PS1‑4; IXL K, J)

Density and Buoyancy - Which object will float or sink based on calculated densities in a given fluid? (NGSS MS‑PS1‑2 connections; IXL D)

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures - Which classification and formula pairing is correct for a given substance sample? (NGSS MS‑PS1‑1; IXL E, M)

Evidence of Chemical Reactions and Conservation of Atoms - Which observation best supports that a chemical reaction occurred while conserving atoms? (NGSS MS‑PS1‑2, MS‑PS1‑5)

Force, Motion, and Graphs - Which force diagram or motion graph best predicts an object’s change in motion? (NGSS MS‑PS2‑1, MS‑PS2‑2; IXL G)

Energy Forms and Transformations - Which diagram correctly traces energy transformations through the system? (NGSS MS‑PS3‑1, MS‑PS3‑2; IXL H)

Electricity and Magnetism Basics - Which change would most increase the strength of the electric or magnetic force in the setup? (NGSS MS‑PS2‑3; IXL I)

Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer - Which scenario best illustrates heat transfer by conduction, convection, or radiation? (NGSS MS‑PS3‑4; IXL J, K)

Waves: Properties of Light and Sound - Which wave diagram correctly matches amplitude and wavelength to energy and frequency? (NGSS MS‑PS4‑1; IXL L)

Solutions and Concentration - Which interpretation of a solubility graph correctly predicts whether a solution is saturated? (NGSS MS‑PS1‑2 connections; IXL M)