7.31 Ratio tables and double number lines - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct completed ratio table or double number line and the missing value it implies. (CCSS 7.RP.A.1; CA 7.RP.1; MA 7.RP.1; NY 7.RP.1; FL MA.7.AR.4.4; TX 7.4(A); VA 7.CE.2)

7.32 Choosing representations for proportional problems - In multiple-choice items, students choose the representation that best matches a proportional situation and select the justification that makes it correct. (CCSS 7.RP.A.2d; CA 7.RP.2d; MA 7.RP.2d; NY 7.RP.2d; FL MA.7.AR.4.4; TX 7.4(A); VA 7.PFA.1)

7.33 Unit analysis and conversion factors - In multiple-choice items, students select the conversion factor or unit-canceling setup that correctly converts one unit to another. (CCSS 7.RP.A.1; CA 7.RP.1; MA 7.RP.1; NY 7.RP.1; FL MA.7.AR.3.3; TX 7.4(E); VA 7.CE.2)

7.34 Estimation and reasonableness in proportional contexts - In multiple-choice items, students select the best estimate for a proportional or percent situation and identify which answers are unreasonable. (CCSS 7.RP.A.3; CA 7.RP.3; MA 7.RP.3; NY 7.RP.3; FL MA.7.AR.3.1; TX 7.4(D); VA 7.CE.1)

7.35 Error analysis in proportional reasoning - In multiple-choice items, students choose which step is wrong in a proportional solution and select the corrected step. (CCSS 7.RP.A.2; CA 7.RP.2; MA 7.RP.2; NY 7.RP.2; FL MA.7.AR.4.1; TX 7.4(A); VA 7.CE.2)

7.36 Rational number sets and classification - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct classification of a number and the diagram that correctly shows subset relationships. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.1.2; TX 7.2(A); VA 7.NS.2)

7.37 Converting rational numbers between forms - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct equivalent form of a rational number (fraction, decimal, or percent) for a given situation. (CCSS 7.NS.A.3; CA 7.NS.3; MA 7.NS.3; NY 7.NS.3; FL MA.7.NSO.1.2; TX 7.2; VA 7.NS.2)

7.38 Comparing and ordering rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct ordering of rational numbers and the reasoning (such as number line position or common denominators) that supports it. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.1.2; TX 7.2(C); VA 7.NS.2)

7.39 Absolute value and opposite numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct absolute value or opposite value and the correct contextual interpretation of that value. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; TX 7.2(B); VA 7.NS.2)

7.40 Integer addition and subtraction models - In multiple-choice items, students choose the model (counters or number line) that matches an integer sum or difference and select the correct result. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(B); VA 7.CE.1)

7.41 Integer addition and subtraction fluency - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct value of an integer sum or difference and identify a correct rule-based explanation. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(A); VA 7.CE.1)

7.42 Integer multiplication and division models - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct sign and value of an integer product or quotient and choose the model or pattern that supports the rule. (CCSS 7.NS.A.2; CA 7.NS.2; MA 7.NS.2; NY 7.NS.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(B); VA 7.CE.1)

7.43 Integer multiplication and division fluency - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct product or quotient of integers and the correct contextual meaning (increase or decrease). (CCSS 7.NS.A.2; CA 7.NS.2; MA 7.NS.2; NY 7.NS.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(A); VA 7.CE.1)

7.44 Adding and subtracting rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct sum or difference of rational numbers and the correct strategy description (common denominators or place value). (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(A); VA 7.CE.1)

7.45 Multiplying and dividing rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct product or quotient of rational numbers and the correct explanation using reciprocals or sign rules. (CCSS 7.NS.A.2; CA 7.NS.2; MA 7.NS.2; NY 7.NS.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(B); VA 7.CE.1)

7.46 Four operations with rational numbers in context - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct answer for a rational-number word problem and identify which operations are needed. (CCSS 7.NS.A.3; CA 7.NS.3; MA 7.NS.3; NY 7.NS.3; FL MA.7.NSO.2.3; TX 7.3(B); VA 7.CE.1)

7.47 Order of operations with rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct value of a multi-step numerical expression and identify the correct order-of-operations step. (CCSS 7.EE.B.3; CA 7.EE.3; MA 7.EE.3; NY 7.EE.3; FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; TX 7.3; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.48 Whole-number exponents in numerical expressions - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct value of an expression with exponents and choose which use of parentheses makes the meaning correct. (CCSS 7.EE.B.3; CA 7.EE.3; MA 7.EE.3; NY 7.EE.3; FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.49 Laws of exponents with rational bases - In multiple-choice items, students choose the equivalent expression that correctly applies a law of exponents and select the simplified value when appropriate. (FL MA.7.NSO.1.1; VA 7.NS.1)

7.50 Powers of ten and place value - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct power of ten representation or the correct decimal result after multiplying or dividing by a power of ten. (FL MA.7.NSO.1.1; VA 7.NS.1)

7.51 Negative exponents for powers of ten - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct fraction or decimal form of a power of ten with a negative exponent. (VA 7.NS.1.a; VA 7.NS.1.b; FL MA.7.NSO.1.1)

7.52 Scientific notation conversions - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct scientific notation for a given number or the correct decimal form for a given scientific notation. (VA 7.NS.1.c; VA 7.NS.1.d)

7.53 Scientific notation comparisons - In multiple-choice items, students choose which of two numbers in scientific notation is greater and select the ordering of a set of numbers. (VA 7.NS.1.d)

7.54 Estimation and rounding with rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the best estimate or identify which exact answer is unreasonable based on rounding and benchmarks. (CCSS 7.EE.B.3; CA 7.EE.3; MA 7.EE.3; NY 7.EE.3; FL MA.7.NSO.2.3; VA 7.CE.1)

7.55 Coordinate plane with rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct coordinate for a point shown on a grid or choose the point that matches a given ordered pair.

7.56 Distance between points aligned to axes - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct distance between two points that share an x-coordinate or y-coordinate.

7.57 Properties of operations in numerical expressions - In multiple-choice items, students select the expression that is equivalent after applying a property of operations and identify which property was used. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; CA 7.EE.1; MA 7.EE.1; NY 7.EE.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.58 Additive and multiplicative inverses - In multiple-choice items, students select the additive inverse or reciprocal of a number and choose the statement that explains why the result is 0 or 1. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CCSS 7.NS.A.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3(B); VA 7.CE.1)

7.59 Complex fractions and rational division in context - In multiple-choice items, students select the simplified value of a complex fraction and identify the rate it represents in context. (CCSS 7.RP.A.1; CCSS 7.NS.A.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.4(B); VA 7.CE.2)

7.60 Calculator use, precision, and repeating decimals - In multiple-choice items, students select an appropriate rounded value, identify a repeating decimal, or choose when an exact fraction is the better representation. (FL MA.7.NSO.1.2; VA 7.CE.1)

7.61 Number-line representations of rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the point on a number line that represents a given rational number or choose the number represented by a marked point. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; CA 7.NS.1; MA 7.NS.1; NY 7.NS.1; FL MA.7.NSO.1.2; TX 7.2(C); VA 7.NS.2)

7.62 Integer chips and zero pairs - In multiple-choice items, students choose the chip model that matches an integer operation and select the resulting value. (CCSS 7.NS.A.1; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; TX 7.3; VA 7.CE.1)

7.63 Sign and magnitude reasoning before computing - In multiple-choice items, students select whether an answer should be positive, negative, or zero before calculating, and choose which result is reasonable. (CCSS 7.NS.A.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.2; VA 7.CE.1)

7.64 Reasonableness checks for rational computations - In multiple-choice items, students select which computed result is reasonable and identify which option shows an error. (CCSS 7.NS.A.3; FL MA.7.NSO.2.3; VA 7.CE.1)

7.65 Common misconceptions with negatives and exponents - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct value for expressions with negatives and exponents and choose which expression matches a given value. (FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.66 Variables, coefficients, and constants - In multiple-choice items, students select which part of an expression represents the coefficient, constant, or variable and choose the correct contextual interpretation. (CCSS 7.EE.A.2; CA 7.EE.2; MA 7.EE.2; NY 7.EE.2; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.67 Translating words to algebraic expressions - In multiple-choice items, students choose the expression that correctly matches a verbal description, including correct placement of parentheses. (CCSS 7.EE.A.2; CA 7.EE.2; MA 7.EE.2; NY 7.EE.2; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.68 Expressions for real-world situations - In multiple-choice items, students select the expression that correctly represents a real-world situation and identify what each term means. (CCSS 7.EE.A.2; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.69 Evaluating algebraic expressions - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct value of an expression for a given set of replacement values. (CCSS 7.EE.A.2; FL MA.7.NSO.2.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.70 Terms and like terms - In multiple-choice items, students select which terms are like terms and which simplification correctly combines them. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.71 Adding and subtracting linear expressions - In multiple-choice items, students select the simplified result of adding or subtracting two linear expressions. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.72 Combining like terms to simplify expressions - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correctly simplified form of a linear expression and identify a common sign or coefficient error. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.73 Distributive property and expanding expressions - In multiple-choice items, students select the correctly expanded form of an expression and identify which distribution step is correct. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.74 Factoring linear expressions - In multiple-choice items, students choose the factored form of a linear expression and identify the common factor used. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.75 Determining whether expressions are equivalent - In multiple-choice items, students select whether two expressions are equivalent and choose the reasoning (simplify or evaluate) that confirms the decision. (CCSS 7.EE.A.2; FL MA.7.AR.1.2; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.76 Expressions, equations, and inequalities - In multiple-choice items, students select whether a given statement is an expression, equation, or inequality and choose the correct meaning of a solution. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4; FL MA.7.AR.2; TX 7.10; VA 7.PFA.4)

7.77 One-step equations in context - In multiple-choice items, students choose the equation that represents a one-step situation and select the correct value of the variable. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.10(A); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.78 Two-step equations with rational numbers - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct solution to a two-step equation and choose the correct inverse-operation sequence. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.11(A); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.79 Multi-step equations with distribution and combining like terms - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct solution to a multi-step equation and identify the correctly simplified intermediate step. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.11(A); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.80 Checking solutions to equations - In multiple-choice items, students choose which value is a correct solution and select the step where an incorrect solution goes wrong. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.11(B); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.81 Multi-step real-world equation problems - In multiple-choice items, students choose the equation that models a context and select the correct final answer with correct units. (CCSS 7.EE.B.3; CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.11(A); VA 7.CE.1)

7.82 Inequalities and solution sets - In multiple-choice items, students select the inequality that matches a constraint and choose which values belong to its solution set. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4b; FL MA.7.AR.2.1; TX 7.10(A); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.83 One-step inequalities and number-line graphs - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct solution to a one-step inequality and select the correct number-line graph of the solution set. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4b; FL MA.7.AR.2.1; TX 7.10(B); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.84 Two-step inequalities - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct solution set for a two-step inequality and choose the matching number-line graph. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4b; TX 7.11(A); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.85 Inequalities with negative multipliers - In multiple-choice items, students choose whether an inequality sign should reverse in a given step and select the correct final inequality. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4b; VA 7.PFA.4.b)

7.86 Inequality word problems and constraints - In multiple-choice items, students select the inequality that models a word problem and choose the correct interpretation of the solution in context. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4b; FL MA.7.AR.2.1; TX 7.10(C); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.87 Equations for angle relationships - In multiple-choice items, students select the equation that matches an angle diagram and choose the correct value of an unknown angle. (CCSS 7.G.B.5; CA 7.G.5; MA 7.G.5; NY 7.G.5; TX 7.11(C))

7.88 Equations from formulas - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct rearranged formula or the correct value of the missing variable in a formula-based problem. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; TX 7.11(C); VA 7.PFA.4)

7.89 Independent and dependent variables in tables and graphs - In multiple-choice items, students select which variable is independent or dependent in a situation and choose the statement that correctly interprets a table or graph. (CCSS 7.RP.A.2; FL MA.7.AR.4.4; TX 7.7(A); VA 7.PFA.1)

7.90 Strategic choice of methods and justification - In multiple-choice items, students select which strategy is most efficient for a given problem and choose a justification that matches the strategy.

7.91 Balance models and algebra tiles - In multiple-choice items, students select the model that matches an equation and choose the next valid move that keeps the equation balanced. (CCSS 7.EE.B.4a; FL MA.7.AR.2.2; VA 7.PFA.4)

7.92 Distributing negatives and subtracting expressions - In multiple-choice items, students select the correctly simplified result of subtracting or distributing through parentheses that include negatives. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; FL MA.7.AR.1.1; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.93 Translating multi-step word problems to algebra - In multiple-choice items, students choose the algebraic model (expression/equation/inequality) that correctly represents a multi-step context. (CCSS 7.EE.B.3; CCSS 7.EE.B.4; FL MA.7.AR.2; TX 7.10(A); VA 7.CE.1)

7.94 Error analysis in algebraic reasoning - In multiple-choice items, students select the first incorrect step in a worked solution and choose the corrected step. (CCSS 7.EE.A.1; CCSS 7.EE.A.2; FL MA.7.AR.1.2; VA 7.PFA.2)

7.95 Precision in algebraic notation - In multiple-choice items, students select the expression or inequality that correctly matches a statement and identify notation that changes meaning.

7.96 Scale drawings and scale factors - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct scale factor or the correct actual or drawing measurement from a scale-drawing scenario. (CCSS 7.G.A.1; CA 7.G.1; MA 7.G.1; NY 7.G.1; FL MA.7.GR.1.5; TX 7.5(C))

7.97 Area scaling with scale factor - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct area scale factor (k squared) and the correct scaled area for similar figures. (CCSS 7.G.A.1; FL MA.7.GR.1.5; TX 7.5(C))

7.98 Constructing scale drawings - In multiple-choice items, students select the correctly constructed scale drawing or the correct missing dimension using a given scale. (CCSS 7.G.A.1; FL MA.7.GR.1.5; TX 7.5(C))

7.99 Triangle constructions from conditions - In multiple-choice items, students select which triangle can be constructed from given measurements and choose whether the construction is unique or impossible. (CCSS 7.G.A.2; CA 7.G.2; MA 7.G.2; NY 7.G.2)

7.100 Triangle inequality and feasibility - In multiple-choice items, students choose whether a set of lengths can form a triangle and select the inequality statement that supports the decision.

7.101 Angle types and relationships - In multiple-choice items, students select the relationship that describes a pair of angles in a diagram (for example, vertical or supplementary). (CCSS 7.G.B.5; CA 7.G.5; MA 7.G.5; NY 7.G.5; TX 7.11(C))

7.102 Unknown angles in multi-step diagrams - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct value of an unknown angle in a multi-step diagram and choose the correct equation that represents the relationships. (CCSS 7.G.B.5; TX 7.11(C))

7.103 Angle sums in triangles and quadrilaterals - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct missing angle measure using triangle or quadrilateral angle-sum reasoning. (CCSS 7.G.B.5; TX 7.11(C))

7.104 Parts of a circle and pi - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct circle part (radius, diameter, or circumference) and choose a correct statement about pi. (CCSS 7.G.B.4; FL MA.7.GR.1.3; TX 7.5(B))

7.105 Circumference of circles - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct circumference of a circle and choose whether an exact or approximate form is appropriate. (CCSS 7.G.B.4; FL MA.7.GR.1.3; TX 7.9(B))

7.106 Area of circles and fractional parts - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct area of a circle (or a fraction of a circle) and choose the correct unit interpretation. (CCSS 7.G.B.4; FL MA.7.GR.1.4; TX 7.9(B))

7.107 Area formulas for common polygons - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct area for a given polygon and choose the decomposition or formula that matches the figure. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; FL MA.7.GR.1.1; TX 7.9(C))

7.108 Area of composite figures - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct total area of a composite figure and select which sub-areas should be added or subtracted. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; FL MA.7.GR.1.2; TX 7.9(C))

7.109 Surface area with nets for prisms and pyramids - In multiple-choice items, students select the net that matches a 3D figure or choose the correct surface area based on a given net. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; TX 7.9(D))

7.110 Surface area of right circular cylinders - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct surface area of a cylinder and identify the net pieces (two circles and a rectangle) that create it. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; FL MA.7.GR.2.1; FL MA.7.GR.2.2)

7.111 Volume using base area times height for prisms - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct volume of a prism and choose the correct base area and height used in the calculation. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; TX 7.9(A))

7.112 Volume of right circular cylinders - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct volume of a cylinder and choose the correct unit (cubic units) interpretation. (CCSS 7.G.B.6; FL MA.7.GR.2.3)

7.113 Connecting volume to base area times height - In multiple-choice items, students select the statement that correctly explains why volume equals base area times height for a prism or cylinder. (CCSS 7.G.B.6)

7.114 Cross sections of three-dimensional figures - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct cross-section shape (for example, rectangle or circle) formed by a described slice. (CCSS 7.G.A.3; CA 7.G.3; MA 7.G.3; NY 7.G.3)

7.115 Coordinate plane geometry for axis-aligned figures - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct perimeter or area of an axis-aligned shape drawn on a coordinate grid and select the coordinate information used.

7.116 Measurement tools and precision - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct measured value from a diagram and choose the most appropriate unit and level of precision.

7.117 Diagram interpretation and labeling - In multiple-choice items, students select the correctly labeled diagram for a word problem and identify which labeled quantity is needed to solve it.

7.118 Common geometry misconceptions and corrections - In multiple-choice items, students choose which statement describes an error in a solution and select the corrected step or unit.

7.119 Technology tools for drawing and verification - In multiple-choice items, students interpret technology-generated measurements or graphs and choose conclusions that match the displayed results.

7.120 Statistical questions and variability - In multiple-choice items, students select which questions are statistical and choose the explanation that mentions variability and multiple possible answers. (CCSS 7.SP.A.1; CA 7.SP.1; MA 7.SP.1; NY 7.SP.1; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; TX 7.12; VA 7.PS.2)

7.121 Populations, samples, and random sampling - In multiple-choice items, students choose the population and sample in a scenario and select which sampling method is most likely to be unbiased. (CCSS 7.SP.A.1; CCSS 7.SP.A.2; FL MA.7.DP.1.3; TX 7.12(B); VA 7.PS.2)

7.122 Planning data collection and recognizing bias - In multiple-choice items, students select which plan produces the least biased data and identify which feature of a plan creates bias. (CCSS 7.SP.A.1; CCSS 7.SP.A.2; VA 7.PS.2)

7.123 Using samples to make inferences - In multiple-choice items, students select the inference that is supported by sample data and choose an appropriate statement about sampling error. (CCSS 7.SP.A.2; FL MA.7.DP.1.3; TX 7.12(B); VA 7.PS.2)

7.124 Dot plots and line plots - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct conclusion from a dot plot (such as the most common range) and identify features like clusters or outliers. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; TX 7.12(A); VA 7.PS.2)

7.125 Histograms and interval choices - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct interpretation of a histogram and select how an interval change would alter the graph. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; VA 7.PS.2.d; VA 7.PS.2.e; TX 7.12(A))

7.126 Box plots and five-number summary - In multiple-choice items, students select the median, quartiles, or interquartile range from a box plot and choose which data set has greater spread. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; TX 7.12(A))

7.127 Choosing an appropriate data display - In multiple-choice items, students select the best graph type for a data set and choose a justification based on the type of data and the question being asked. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; FL MA.7.DP.1.5; VA 7.PS.2.f; TX 7.12(A))

7.128 Measures of center: mean and median - In multiple-choice items, students select the mean or median for a data set and choose which measure of center best represents the data in context. (CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; TX 7.12(A))

7.129 Measures of variability: range and interquartile range - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct range or interquartile range and choose the interpretation that matches the computed spread. (CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.1; TX 7.12(A))

7.130 Mean absolute deviation - In multiple-choice items, students select the mean absolute deviation for a data set and choose which data set is more variable based on MAD. (CCSS 7.SP.B.4)

7.131 Comparing two data sets by center and spread - In multiple-choice items, students select which group has a higher typical value or greater variability and choose evidence from centers and spreads. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.2; TX 7.12(A))

7.132 Interpreting data in context - In multiple-choice items, students choose the statement that correctly interprets a statistic or graph feature in context, including units. (CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.2)

7.133 Circle graphs and proportional reasoning - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct sector size or percent in a circle graph and choose the correct part-to-whole interpretation. (FL MA.7.DP.1.4; TX 7.6(G); CCSS 7.RP.A.3)

7.134 Probability as a number from zero to one - In multiple-choice items, students select which event is more likely based on given probabilities and choose the correct interpretation of probability values near 0 or 1. (CCSS 7.SP.C.5; FL MA.7.DP.2.2; VA 7.PS.1; TX 7.6(I))

7.135 Sample space for simple experiments - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct sample space or the correct count of outcomes for a simple experiment. (FL MA.7.DP.2.1; CCSS 7.SP.C.8a; TX 7.6(I); VA 7.PS.1)

7.136 Theoretical probability of simple events - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct theoretical probability of an event and choose an equivalent probability form. (FL MA.7.DP.2.3; CCSS 7.SP.C.6; TX 7.6(I); VA 7.PS.1.a)

7.137 Experimental probability and simulation - In multiple-choice items, students select the experimental probability from trial data and choose which conclusion best compares experimental and theoretical probabilities. (FL MA.7.DP.2.4; CCSS 7.SP.C.6; TX 7.6(H); VA 7.PS.1)

7.138 Probability models and fairness - In multiple-choice items, students select the probability model that matches a situation and choose whether a game is fair based on expected outcomes. (CCSS 7.SP.C.7; TX 7.6(H); VA 7.PS.1)

7.139 Compound events using organized lists and tables - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct probability of a compound event using a list or table of outcomes. (CCSS 7.SP.C.8a; TX 7.6(I))

7.140 Compound events using tree diagrams - In multiple-choice items, students select the correct tree diagram for an experiment and choose the correct probability computed from the branches. (CCSS 7.SP.C.8b)

7.141 Independent and dependent events - In multiple-choice items, students select whether events are independent or dependent and choose the correct probability expression for the situation. (CCSS 7.SP.C.8; TX 7.6(I))

7.142 Expected frequency and long-run predictions - In multiple-choice items, students select the expected frequency for an event over many trials and choose the correct interpretation of what “expected” means. (CCSS 7.SP.C.6; FL MA.7.DP.2.4)

7.143 Multi-step real-world problems with data and chance - In multiple-choice items, students choose the correct answer to a multi-step problem that integrates statistics and probability and select the evidence used (graph feature or computed statistic). (CCSS 7.SP.B.4; CCSS 7.SP.C.8; FL MA.7.DP.1.2; FL MA.7.DP.2.4; TX 7.12(A))

7.144 Two-way tables for categorical data - In multiple-choice items, students select values from a two-way table (totals or relative frequencies) and choose conclusions supported by the table.

7.145 Bias and misleading graphs - In multiple-choice items, students choose which graph is misleading and select the feature that causes the misleading impression, then choose a corrected version. (CCSS 7.SP.A.1; CCSS 7.SP.A.2; FL MA.7.DP.1.5)

7.146 Technology tools for data and simulation - In multiple-choice items, students interpret calculator or spreadsheet outputs (mean, median, or graph) and select conclusions that match the displayed results.

7.147 Communicating conclusions with evidence - In multiple-choice items, students select which claim is best supported by the data and choose the statistic or graph feature that provides the strongest evidence. (CCSS 7.SP.B.3; CCSS 7.SP.B.4; FL MA.7.DP.1.2)